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Constraint-based (CB) learning is a formalism for learning a causal network with a database D by performing a series of conditional-independence tests to infer structural information. This paper considers a new test of independence that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-12-12 Denver Dash , Marek J. Druzdzel

Learning the structure of dependence relations between variables is a pervasive issue in the statistical literature. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) can represent a set of conditional independences, but different DAGs may encode the same set…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-15 Federico Castelletti , Stefano Peluso

Inferring the causal structure underlying stochastic dynamical systems from observational data holds great promise in domains ranging from science and health to finance. Such processes can often be accurately modeled via stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Georg Manten , Cecilia Casolo , Emilio Ferrucci , Søren Wengel Mogensen , Cristopher Salvi , Niki Kilbertus

Causal discovery aims to uncover cause-and-effect relationships encoded in causal graphs by leveraging observational, interventional data, or their combination. The majority of existing causal discovery methods are developed assuming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Muhammad Qasim Elahi , Lai Wei , Murat Kocaoglu , Mahsa Ghasemi

Conditional-independence-based discovery uses statistical tests to identify a graphical model that represents the independence structure of variables in a dataset. These tests, however, can be unreliable, and algorithms are sensitive to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Philipp M. Faller , Dominik Janzing

We propose a method for learning Markov network structures for continuous data without invoking any assumptions about the distribution of the variables. The method makes use of previous work on a non-parametric estimator for mutual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-09 Janne Leppä-aho , Santeri Räisänen , Xiao Yang , Teemu Roos

Learning the Markov network structure from data is a problem that has received considerable attention in machine learning, and in many other application fields. This work focuses on a particular approach for this purpose called…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-07-16 Alejandro Edera , Federico Schlüter , Facundo Bromberg

A concentration graph associated with a random vector is an undirected graph where each vertex corresponds to one random variable in the vector. The absence of an edge between any pair of vertices (or variables) is equivalent to full…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-01-14 Dhafer Malouche

Conditional independence (CI) tests underlie many approaches to model testing and structure learning in causal inference. Most existing CI tests for categorical and ordinal data stratify the sample by the conditioning variables, perform…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-06 Ankur Ankan , Johannes Textor

Causal effect estimation from data typically requires assumptions about the cause-effect relations either explicitly in the form of a causal graph structure within the Pearlian framework, or implicitly in terms of (conditional) independence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Abhin Shah , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Murat Kocaoglu

Entropic causal inference is a recent framework for learning the causal graph between two variables from observational data by finding the information-theoretically simplest structural explanation of the data, i.e., the model with smallest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Spencer Compton , Kristjan Greenewald , Dmitriy Katz , Murat Kocaoglu

Causal inference methods based on conditional independence construct Markov equivalent graphs, and cannot be applied to bivariate cases. The approaches based on independence of cause and mechanism state, on the contrary, that causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Nataliya Sokolovska , Pierre-Henri Wuillemin

Constraint-based causal discovery methods leverage conditional independence tests to infer causal relationships in a wide variety of applications. Just as the majority of machine learning methods, existing work focuses on studying…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-27 Siyuan Guo , Viktor Tóth , Bernhard Schölkopf , Ferenc Huszár

Real-world problems, for example in climate applications, often require causal reasoning on spatially gridded time series data or data with comparable structure. While the underlying system is often believed to behave similarly at different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Martin Rabel , Jakob Runge

A fundamental challenge in the empirical sciences involves uncovering causal structure through observation and experimentation. Causal discovery entails linking the conditional independence (CI) invariances in observational data to their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-04 Zihan Zhou , Muhammad Qasim Elahi , Murat Kocaoglu

We study the identification of causal effects in the presence of different types of constraints (e.g., logical constraints) in addition to the causal graph. These constraints impose restrictions on the models (parameterizations) induced by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Yizuo Chen , Adnan Darwiche

This work reports the most relevant technical aspects in the problem of learning the \emph{Markov network structure} from data. Such problem has become increasingly important in machine learning, and many other application fields of machine…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-11-21 Federico Schlüter

We study the problem of learning the Markov order in categorical sequences that represent paths in a network, i.e. sequences of variable lengths where transitions between states are constrained to a known graph. Such data pose challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Luka V. Petrović , Ingo Scholtes

Algorithms for constraint-based causal discovery select graphical causal models among a space of possible candidates (e.g., all directed acyclic graphs) by executing a sequence of conditional independence tests. These may be used to inform…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-19 Ting-Hsuan Chang , Zijian Guo , Daniel Malinsky

High-dimensional data analysis typically focuses on low-dimensional structure, often to aid interpretation and computational efficiency. Graphical models provide a powerful methodology for learning the conditional independence structure in…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-13 Maria De Iorio , Willem van den Boom , Alexandros Beskos , Ajay Jasra , Andrea Cremaschi