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When x-rays penetrate soft matter, their phase changes more rapidly than their amplitude. In- terference effects visible with high brightness sources creates higher contrast, edge enhanced images. When the object is piecewise smooth (made…
To quantify the effect of decoherence in quantum measurements, it is desirable to measure not merely the square modulus of the spatial wavefunction, but the entire density matrix, whose phases carry information about momentum and how pure…
We propose a phase-space representation concept in terms of the Wigner function for a quantum harmonic oscillator model that exhibits the semiconfinement effect through its mass varying with the position. The new method is used to compute…
X-ray phase contrast imaging offers a way to visualize the internal structures of an object without the need to deposit any radiation, and thereby alleviate the main concern in x-ray diagnostic imaging procedures today. Grating-based…
To take advantage of high-resolution optics sensitive to a broad energy range, future X-ray imaging instruments will require thick detectors with small pixels. This pixel aspect ratio affects spectral response in the soft X-ray band, vital…
We propose a very simple experimental setup to measure, via photon counting, the overlap of the Wigner functions characterizing two single mode light beams. We show that this scheme can be applied to determine directly the phase space…
Simulating photo-dissociation processes is a challenging task when the number of states involved is significantly large. We present an ab-initio quantum model for strong field photo-dissociation processes which incorporates rotational…
CConsider a bipartite quantum system consisting of two subsystems A and B. The reduced density matrix ofA a is obtained by taking the partial trace with respect to B. In this work, we will show that the Wigner distribution of this reduced…
Free-space propagation can be described as a shearing of the Wigner distribution function in the spatial coordinate; this shearing is linear in paraxial approximation but assumes a more complex shape for wide-angle propagation. Integration…
We outline some basics of imaging using both fully-coherent and partially-coherent X-ray beams, with an emphasis on phase-contrast imaging. We open with some of the basic notions of X-ray imaging, including the vacuum wave equations and the…
The values of the signal-to-noise ratio are determined, at which the method of processing X-ray diffraction data reveals reflections with intensity less than the noise component of the background. The possibilities of the method are…
We apply the Wigner function formalism from quantum optics via two approaches, Wootters' discrete Wigner function and the generalized Wigner function, to detect quantum phase transitions in critical spin-$\tfrac{1}{2}$ systems. We develop a…
In order to efficiently image a non-absorbing sample (a phase object), dedicated phase contrast optics are required. Typically, these optics are designed with the assumption that the sample is weakly scattering, implying a linear relation…
The quasiprobability distribution of the discrete Wigner function provides a complete description of a quantum state and is, therefore, a useful alternative to the usual density matrix description. Moreover, the experimental quantum state…
Precise modeling of extended sources is a central challenge in modern optical engineering, laser physics, and computational lithography. Unlike ideal point sources or completely incoherent thermal radiation sources, real-world light sources…
We present a novel method of simulating wave effects in graphics using ray--based renderers with a new function: the Wave BSDF (Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Function). Reflections from neighboring surface patches represented by…
The propagation of hard X ray beam from partially coherent synchrotron source is simulated by using the novel method based on the coherent mode decomposition of Gaussian Schell model and wave front propagation. We investigate how the…
The ill-posed problem of phase retrieval in optics, using one or more intensity measurements, has a multitude of applications using electromagnetic or matter waves. Many phase retrieval algorithms are computed on pixel arrays using discrete…
A unified method for three-dimensional reconstruction of objects from transmission images collected at multiple illumination directions is described. The method may be applicable to experimental conditions relevant to absorption-based,…
Phase contrast imaging seeks to reconstruct the complex refractive index of an unknown sample from scattering intensities, measured for example under illumination with coherent X-rays. By incorporating refraction, this method yields…