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We study the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) on the metric completion of cubic and subcubic graphs, which is known to be NP-hard. The problem is of interest because of its relation to the famous 4/3 conjecture for metric TSP, which says…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-07-07 Sylvia Boyd , René Sitters , Suzanne van der Ster , Leen Stougie

This paper describes TSP exact solution of polynomial complexity. It is considered properties of proposed method. Effectiveness of proposed solution is illustrated by outcomes of computer modeling.

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Vadim Yatsenko

We propose the Steiner Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows and Pickup and Delivery, an advanced and practical extension of classical routing models. This variant integrates the characteristics of the Steiner Traveling Salesman…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Alessia Ciacco , Francesca Guerriero , Eneko Osaba

Deep learning has shown significant potential in solving combinatorial optimization problems such as the Euclidean traveling salesman problem (TSP). However, most training and test instances for existing TSP algorithms are generated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Xiayang Li , Shihua Zhang

In this work, a novel idea is presented for combinatorial optimization problems, a hybrid network, which results in a superior outcome. We applied this method to graph pointer networks [1], expanding its capabilities to a higher level. We…

Many real-world vehicle routing problems involve rich sets of constraints with respect to the capacities of the vehicles, time windows for customers etc. While in recent years first machine learning models have been developed to solve basic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Jonas K. Falkner , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

A recently formulated statistical mechanics method is used to study the phase transition occurring in a generalisation of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) known as the centred TSP. The method shows that the problem has clear signs of a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 David Lancaster

The capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with structured Time Windows (cVRPsTW) is concerned with finding optimal tours for vehicles with given capacity constraints to deliver goods to customers within assigned time windows. In our problem…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-10 Christoph Hertrich , Philipp Hungerländer , Christian Truden

This paper introduces CARSS (Cooperative Attention-guided Reinforcement Subpath Synthesis), a novel approach to address the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) by leveraging cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). CARSS…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Yuchen Shi , Congying Han , Tiande Guo

For NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems, it is usually difficult to find high-quality solutions in polynomial time. The design of either an exact algorithm or an approximate algorithm for these problems often requires significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Kun Lei , Peng Guo , Yi Wang , Xiao Wu , Wenchao Zhao

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is an important combinatorial optimisation problem, and is usually solved on a quantum computer using a Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimisation (QUBO) formulation or a Higher Order Binary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-21 Daniel Goldsmith , Joe Day-Evans

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the most famous optimization problems. Greedy crossover designed by Greffenstette et al, can be used while Symmetric TSP (STSP) is resolved by Genetic Algorithm (GA). Researchers have proposed…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2012-09-25 Hassan Ismkhan , Kamran Zamanifar

Several important optimization problems in the area of vehicle routing can be seen as a variant of the classical Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP). In the area of evolutionary computation, the traveling thief problem (TTP) has gained…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-05 Jakob Bossek , Katrin Casel , Pascal Kerschke , Frank Neumann

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem with broad real-world applications. Recent advancements in neural network-based TSP solvers have shown promising results. Nonetheless, these models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yubin Xiao , Di Wang , Rui Cao , Xuan Wu , Boyang Li , You Zhou

Multiple-TSP, also abbreviated in the literature as mTSP, is an extension of the Traveling Salesman Problem that lies at the core of many variants of the Vehicle Routing problem of great practical importance. The current paper develops and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Vlad-Ioan Lupoaie , Ivona-Alexandra Chili , Mihaela Elena Breaban , Madalina Raschip

This article explores an approach to addressing the Close Enough Traveling Salesman Problem (CETSP). The objective is to streamline the mathematical formulation by introducing reformulations that approximate the Euclidean distances and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Hiba Bederina

In this paper we discuss the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to the exemplary industrial use case of the two-dimensional commissioning problem in a high-bay storage, which essentially can be phrased as an instance of Traveling…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Stefan Wintersteller , Martin Uray , Michael Lehenauer , Stefan Huber

The travelling thief problem (TTP) is a multi-component optimisation problem involving two interdependent NP-hard components: the travelling salesman problem (TSP) and the knapsack problem (KP). Recent state-of-the-art TTP solvers modify…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Majid Namazi , Conrad Sanderson , M. A. Hakim Newton , Abdul Sattar

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated proficiency in processing di-verse modalities, including text, images, and audio. These models leverage extensive pre-existing knowledge, enabling them to address complex problems…

For many kinds of vehicle routing problems (VRPs), a popular heuristic approach involves constructing a Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) solution, referred to as a long tour, then partitioning segments of the solution into routes for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ethan Gibbons , Mario Ventresca , Beatrice M. Ombuki-Berman