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Similar to the role of Markov decision processes in reinforcement learning, Stochastic Games (SGs) lay the foundation for the study of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) and sequential agent interactions. In this paper, we derive…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Xiaotie Deng , Ningyuan Li , David Mguni , Jun Wang , Yaodong Yang

Mean field games (MFGs) model the limit of large populations of strategically interacting agents, yet both forward and inverse problems remain challenging. For the forward problem, a difficulty is to design numerical methods with global…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-12 Hanwei Yan , Xianjin Yang , Jingguo Zhang

In this paper we present a numerical scheme to solve coupled mean field forward-backward stochastic differential equations driven by monotone vector fields. This is based on an adaptation of so called extragradient methods by characterizing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Charles Meynard

We introduce, to our knowledge, the first direct second-order method for computing Nash equilibria in two-player zero-sum games. To do so, we construct a Douglas-Rachford-style splitting formulation, which we then solve with a semi-smooth…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-16 David Yang , Yuan Gao , Tianyi Lin , Christian Kroer

In this paper, we consider approximating the parameter-to-solution maps of parametric partial differential equations (PPDEs) using deep neural networks (DNNs). We propose an efficient approach combining reduced collocation methods (RCMs)…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-18 Guanhang Lei , Zhen Lei , Lei Shi , Chenyu Zeng

We propose a neural network-based algorithm for solving forward and inverse problems for partial differential equations in unsupervised fashion. The solution is approximated by a deep neural network which is the minimizer of a cost…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-12 Leah Bar , Nir Sochen

This paper is concerned with an indefinite linear-quadratic mean field games of stochastic large-population system, where the individual diffusion coefficients can depend on both the state and the control of the agents. Moreover, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-01 Wenyu Cong , Jingtao Shi

Finding Nash equilibria in two-player zero-sum imperfect-information games remains a central challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning. Recent multi-round regularization methods offer a promising direction, yet existing approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Eason Yu , Tzu Hao Liu , Clément L. Canonne , Yunke Wang , Chang Xu , Nguyen H. Tran , Stefano V. Albrecht

Finding Nash equilibria in two-player zero-sum continuous games is a central problem in machine learning, e.g. for training both GANs and robust models. The existence of pure Nash equilibria requires strong conditions which are not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Carles Domingo-Enrich , Samy Jelassi , Arthur Mensch , Grant Rotskoff , Joan Bruna

We introduce two algorithms based on a policy iteration method to numerically solve time-dependent Mean Field Game systems of partial differential equations with non-separable Hamiltonians. We prove the convergence of such algorithms in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-03 Mathieu Laurière , Jiahao Song , Qing Tang

In this paper, we consider the problem of finding a Nash equilibrium in a multi-player game over generally connected networks. This model differs from a conventional setting in that players have partial information on the actions of their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-10 Farzad Salehisadaghiani , Wei Shi , Lacra Pavel

Learning by experience in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) is a difficult and exciting task, due to the lack of stationarity of the environment, whose dynamics evolves as the population learns. In order to design scalable algorithms for systems…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-02-24 Romuald Elie , Julien Pérolat , Mathieu Laurière , Matthieu Geist , Olivier Pietquin

This paper studies a new class of linear-quadratic mean field games and teams problem, where the large-population system satisfies a class of $N$ weakly coupled linear backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs), and $z_i$ (a part of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-10 Yu Si , Jingtao Shi

Anomalous diffusions are ubiquitous in nature, whose functional distributions are governed by the backward Feynman-Kac equation. In this paper, the local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) method is used to solve the 2D backward Feynman-Kac…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-06-01 Dong Liu , Weihua Deng

This paper builds on the work of Degond, Herty and Liu by considering N-player stochastic differential games. The control corresponding to a Nash equilibrium of such a game is approximated through model predictive control (MPC) techniques.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-11-12 Matt Barker

Identifying parameters in partial differential equations (PDEs) represents a very broad class of applied inverse problems. In recent years, several unsupervised learning approaches using (deep) neural networks have been developed to solve…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-22 Siyu Cen , Bangti Jin , Qimeng Quan , Zhi Zhou

This paper addresses the problem of learning a Nash equilibrium in $\gamma$-discounted multiplayer general-sum Markov Games (MG). A key component of this model is the possibility for the players to either collaborate or team apart to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-07 Julien Pérolat , Florian Strub , Bilal Piot , Olivier Pietquin

Mean-field games (MFGs) are a modeling framework for systems with a large number of interacting agents. They have applications in economics, finance, and game theory. Normalizing flows (NFs) are a family of deep generative models that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-24 Han Huang , Jiajia Yu , Jie Chen , Rongjie Lai

While much attention of neural network methods is devoted to high-dimensional PDE problems, in this work we consider methods designed to work for elliptic problems on domains $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R} ^d, $ $d=1,2,3$ in association with…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-02-06 Georgios Grekas , Charalambos G. Makridakis

The approximation of mixed Nash equilibria (MNE) for zero-sum games with mean-field interacting players has recently raised much interest in machine learning. In this paper we propose a mean-field gradient descent dynamics for finding the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Yulong Lu , Pierre Monmarché