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We introduce the spanning tree matching (STM) decoder for surface codes, which guarantees the error correction capability up to the code's designed distance by first employing an instance of the minimum spanning tree on a subset of ancilla…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-17 Diego Forlivesi , Lorenzo Valentini , Marco Chiani

Prototype-based methods use interpretable representations to address the black-box nature of deep learning models, in contrast to post-hoc explanation methods that only approximate such models. We propose the Neural Prototype Tree…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Meike Nauta , Ron van Bree , Christin Seifert

In this paper, we introduce a binary balanced tree (BBT) channel transformation that extends Ar{\i}kan's channel transformation to arbitrary block lengths. We prove that the proposed transformation induces channel polarization, thereby…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Xinyuanmeng Yao , Xiao Ma

We propose a new succinct representation of labeled trees which represents a tree T using |T|H_k(T) number of bits (plus some smaller order terms), where |T|H_k(T) denotes the k-th order (tree label) entropy, as defined by Ferragina at al.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Michał Gańczorz

We present a functional programming language for specifying constraints over tree-shaped data. The language allows for Haskell-like algebraic data types and pattern matching. Our constraint compiler CO4 translates these programs into…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2013-05-24 Alexander Bau , Johannes Waldmann

This paper proposes a hierarchical attentional neural translation model which focuses on enhancing source-side hierarchical representations by covering both local and global semantic information using a bidirectional tree-based encoder. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Baosong Yang , Derek F. Wong , Tong Xiao , Lidia S. Chao , Jingbo Zhu

We investigate the computation of minimum-cost spanning trees satisfying prescribed vertex degree constraints: Given a graph $G$ and a constraint function $D$, we ask for a (minimum-cost) spanning tree $T$ such that for each vertex $v$, $T$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Narek Bojikian , Alexander Firbas , Robert Ganian , Hung P. Hoang , Krisztina Szilágyi

Autoregressive language models demonstrate excellent performance in various scenarios. However, the inference efficiency is limited by its one-step-one-word generation mode, which has become a pressing problem recently as the models become…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Jikai Wang , Yi Su , Juntao Li , Qingrong Xia , Zi Ye , Xinyu Duan , Zhefeng Wang , Min Zhang

Multilingual translation suffers from computational redundancy, especially when translating into multiple languages simultaneously. In addition, translation quality can suffer for low-resource languages. To address this, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yiwen Guan , Jacob Whitehill

We introduce a logical foundation to reason on tree structures with constraints on the number of node occurrences. Related formalisms are limited to express occurrence constraints on particular tree regions, as for instance the children of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Everardo Bárcenas , Jesús Lavalle

The task of word-level quality estimation (QE) consists of taking a source sentence and machine-generated translation, and predicting which words in the output are correct and which are wrong. In this paper, propose a method to effectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Junjie Hu , Wei-Cheng Chang , Yuexin Wu , Graham Neubig

The size of the largest common subtree (maximum agreement subtree) of two independent uniform random binary trees on $n$ leaves is known to be between orders $n^{1/8}$ and $n^{1/2}$. By a construction based on recursive splitting and…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-01-11 David J. Aldous

The palindromic tree (a.k.a. eertree) is a data structure that provides access to all palindromic substrings of a string. In this paper, we propose a dynamic version of eertree, called double-ended eertree, which supports online operations…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Qisheng Wang , Ming Yang , Xinrui Zhu

Decision trees are often preferred when implementing Machine Learning in embedded systems for their simplicity and scalability. Hoeffding Trees are a type of Decision Trees that take advantage of the Hoeffding Bound to allow them to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Luís Miguel Sousa , Nuno Paulino , João Canas Ferreira , João Bispo

e use Prolog as a flexible meta-language to provide executable specifications of some fundamental mathematical objects and their transformations. In the process, isomorphisms are unraveled between natural numbers and combinatorial objects…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2011-12-19 Paul Tarau

Decision trees and systems of decision rules are widely used as classifiers, as a means for knowledge representation, and as algorithms. They are among the most interpretable models for data analysis. The study of the relationships between…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Kerven Durdymyradov , Mikhail Moshkov

We give a complete answer to the following basic question: "What is the maximal fraction of deletions or insertions tolerable by $q$-ary list-decodable codes with non-vanishing information rate?" This question has been open even for binary…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Venkatesan Guruswami , Bernhard Haeupler , Amirbehshad Shahrasbi

For supervised classification problems involving design, control, other practical purposes, users are not only interested in finding a highly accurate classifier, but they also demand that the obtained classifier be easily interpretable.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Yashesh Dhebar , Kalyanmoy Deb

An evolutionary tree is a rooted tree where each internal vertex has at least two children and where the leaves are labeled with distinct symbols representing species. Evolutionary trees are useful for modeling the evolutionary history of…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ming-Yang Kao

In this paper, we introduce an achievability bound on the frame error rate of random tree code ensembles under a sequential decoding algorithm with a hard computational limit and consider the optimization of the random tree code ensembles…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-23 B. Tan Bacinoglu