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Do vision--language models (VLMs) develop more human-like sensitivity to linguistic concreteness than text-only large language models (LLMs) when both are evaluated with text-only prompts? We study this question with a controlled comparison…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Aryan Roy , Zekun Wang , Christopher J. MacLellan

Visual grounding is a task that aims to locate a target object according to a natural language expression. As a multi-modal task, feature interaction between textual and visual inputs is vital. However, previous solutions mainly handle each…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Chonghan Chen , Qi Jiang , Chih-Hao Wang , Noel Chen , Haohan Wang , Xiang Li , Bhiksha Raj

Vision Language Models (VLMs) mix visual tokens and text tokens. A puzzling issue is the fact that visual tokens most related to the query receive little to no attention in the final layers of the LLM module of VLMs from the answer tokens,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Parsa Esmaeilkhani , Longin Jan Latecki

Scene text recognition (STR) enables computers to recognize and read the text in various real-world scenes. Recent STR models benefit from taking linguistic information in addition to visual cues into consideration. We propose a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Jie Wu , Ying Peng , Shengming Zhang , Weigang Qi , Jian Zhang

Leveraging the visual modality effectively for Neural Machine Translation (NMT) remains an open problem in computational linguistics. Recently, Caglayan et al. posit that the observed gains are limited mainly due to the very simple, short,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Vikas Raunak , Sang Keun Choe , Quanyang Lu , Yi Xu , Florian Metze

This paper presents an in-depth study of multimodal machine translation (MMT), examining the prevailing understanding that MMT systems exhibit decreased sensitivity to visual information when text inputs are complete. Instead, we attribute…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Yuxin Zuo , Bei Li , Chuanhao Lv , Tong Zheng , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Simultaneous machine translation (SiMT) aims to translate a continuous input text stream into another language with the lowest latency and highest quality possible. The translation thus has to start with an incomplete source text, which is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Ozan Caglayan , Julia Ive , Veneta Haralampieva , Pranava Madhyastha , Loïc Barrault , Lucia Specia

A neural multimodal machine translation (MMT) system is one that aims to perform better translation by extending conventional text-only translation models with multimodal information. Many recent studies report improvements when equipping…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Zhiyong Wu , Lingpeng Kong , Wei Bi , Xiang Li , Ben Kao

Texts on the intelligent transportation scene include mass information. Fully harnessing this information is one of the critical drivers for advancing intelligent transportation. Unlike the general scene, detecting text in transportation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Xu Han , Junyu Gao , Chuang Yang , Yuan Yuan , Qi Wang

Recently, vision-language joint representation learning has proven to be highly effective in various scenarios. In this paper, we specifically adapt vision-language joint learning for scene text detection, a task that intrinsically involves…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Sibo Song , Jianqiang Wan , Zhibo Yang , Jun Tang , Wenqing Cheng , Xiang Bai , Cong Yao

Recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are remarkable in vision-language tasks, such as image captioning and question answering, but lack the essential perception ability, i.e., object detection. In this work, we address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Yuhang Zang , Wei Li , Jun Han , Kaiyang Zhou , Chen Change Loy

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are powerful tools for processing and understanding text and images. We study the processing of visual tokens in the language model component of LLaVA, a prominent VLM. Our approach focuses on analyzing the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Clement Neo , Luke Ong , Philip Torr , Mor Geva , David Krueger , Fazl Barez

A good evaluation framework should evaluate multimodal machine translation (MMT) models by measuring 1) their use of visual information to aid in the translation task and 2) their ability to translate complex sentences such as done for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Vipin Vijayan , Braeden Bowen , Scott Grigsby , Timothy Anderson , Jeremy Gwinnup

The integration of visual inputs with large language models (LLMs) has led to remarkable advancements in multi-modal capabilities, giving rise to visual large language models (VLLMs). However, effectively harnessing VLLMs for intricate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Renjie Pi , Lewei Yao , Jiahui Gao , Jipeng Zhang , Tong Zhang

Recent advances in language modeling have witnessed the rise of highly desirable emergent capabilities, such as reasoning and in-context learning. However, vision models have yet to exhibit comparable progress in these areas. In this paper,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Jike Zhong , Yuxiang Lai , Xiaofeng Yang , Konstantinos Psounis

Visual Grounding (VG) aims to utilize given natural language queries to locate specific target objects within images. While current transformer-based approaches demonstrate strong localization performance in standard scene (i.e, scenarios…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jiangnan Xie , Xiaolong Zheng , Liang Zheng

There has been a growing interest in developing multimodal machine translation (MMT) systems that enhance neural machine translation (NMT) with visual knowledge. This problem setup involves using images as auxiliary information during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Devaansh Gupta , Siddhant Kharbanda , Jiawei Zhou , Wanhua Li , Hanspeter Pfister , Donglai Wei

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made significant advancements in vision understanding and reasoning. However, the autoregressive Transformer architecture used by MLLMs requries tokenization on input images, which limits their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Xiangxuan Ren , Zhongdao Wang , Liping Hou , Pin Tang , Guoqing Wang , Chao Ma

Today's most accurate language models are trained on orders of magnitude more language data than human language learners receive - but with no supervision from other sensory modalities that play a crucial role in human learning. Can we make…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Chengxu Zhuang , Evelina Fedorenko , Jacob Andreas

Multimodal machine translation (MMT) systems have been shown to outperform their text-only neural machine translation (NMT) counterparts when visual context is available. However, recent studies have also shown that the performance of MMT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Jiaoda Li , Duygu Ataman , Rico Sennrich