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This paper presents a general framework for obtaining interpretable multivariate discriminative models that allow efficient statistical inference for neuroimage analysis. The framework, termed generative discriminative machine (GDM),…

Applications · Statistics 2019-06-04 Erdem Varol , Aristeidis Sotiras , Ke Zeng , Christos Davatzikos

Counterfactual generation offers a principled framework for simulating hypothetical changes in medical imaging, with potential applications in understanding disease mechanisms and generating physiologically plausible data. However,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-25 Pengwei Sun , Wei Peng , Lun Yu Li , Yixin Wang , Kilian M. Pohl

With the increasing amounts of high-dimensional heterogeneous data to be processed, multi-modality feature selection has become an important research direction in medical image analysis. Traditional methods usually depict the data structure…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Yuang Shi , Chen Zu , Mei Hong , Luping Zhou , Lei Wang , Xi Wu , Jiliu Zhou , Daoqiang Zhang , Yan Wang

Understanding how human brains interpret and process information is important. Here, we investigated the selectivity and inter-individual differences in human brain responses to images via functional MRI. In our first experiment, we found…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-04-20 Zijin Gu , Keith Jamison , Mert R. Sabuncu , Amy Kuceyeski

In medical imaging, image synthesis is the estimation process of one image (sequence, modality) from another image (sequence, modality). Since images with different modalities provide diverse biomarkers and capture various features,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-26 Firoozeh Shomal Zadeh , Sevda Molani , Maysam Orouskhani , Marziyeh Rezaei , Mehrzad Shafiei , Hossein Abbasi

Clinical trials face mounting challenges: fragmented patient populations, slow enrollment, and unsustainable costs, particularly for late phase trials in oncology and rare diseases. While external control arms built from real-world data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Perrine Chassat , Van Tuan Nguyen , Lucas Ducrot , Emilie Lanoy , Agathe Guilloux

The generation and storage of spin squeezing is an attracting topic in quantum metrology and the foundations of quantum mechanics. The major models to realize the spin squeezing are the one- and two-axis twisting models. Here, we consider a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-10 Qing-Shou Tan , Mao Zhang , Yu Chen , Jie-Qiao Liao , Jing Liu

Recent neuroimaging studies that focus on predicting brain disorders via modern machine learning approaches commonly include a single modality and rely on supervised over-parameterized models.However, a single modality provides only a…

Deep learning has revolutionized neuroimage analysis by delivering unprecedented speed and accuracy. However, the narrow scope of many training datasets constrains model robustness and generalizability. This challenge is particularly acute…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-08 Malte Hoffmann

The synthetic control method (SCM) is widely used for constructing the counterfactual of a treated unit based on data from control units in a donor pool. Allowing the donor pool contains more control units than time periods, we propose a…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-19 Chengwang Liao , Zhentao Shi , Yapeng Zheng

The purpose of this work is to transport the information from multiple randomized controlled trials to the target population where we only have the control group data. Previous works rely critically on the mean exchangeability assumption.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-09-29 Yuhang Zhang , Yue Liu , Zhihua Zhang

Recent advances in generative modelling have led many to see synthetic data as the go-to solution for a range of problems around data access, scarcity, and under-representation. In this paper, we study three prominent use cases: (1) Sharing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Bogdan Kulynych , Theresa Stadler , Jean Louis Raisaro , Carmela Troncoso

Method validation and study design in causal inference rely on synthetic data with known counterfactuals. Existing simulators trade off distributional realism, the ability to capture mixed-type and multimodal tabular data, against causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-05 Qi Zhang , Harsh Parikh , Ashley Naimi , Razieh Nabi , Christopher Kim , Timothy Lash

Over the past three decades, synthetic data methods for statistical disclosure control have continually evolved, but mainly within the domain of survey data sets. There are certain characteristics of administrative databases, such as their…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-13 James Edward Jackson , Robin Mitra , Brian Joseph Francis , Iain Dove

Hierarchical model fitting has become commonplace for case-control studies of cognition and behaviour in mental health. However, these techniques require us to formalise assumptions about the data-generating process at the group level,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Vincent Valton , Toby Wise , Oliver J. Robinson

Deep neural networks have brought remarkable breakthroughs in medical image analysis. However, due to their data-hungry nature, the modest dataset sizes in medical imaging projects might be hindering their full potential. Generating…

We study generative nets which can control and modify observations, after being trained on real-life datasets. In order to zoom-in on an object, some spatial, color and other attributes are learned by classifiers in specialized attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-04-12 Galin Georgiev

In today's business landscape, organizations need to find the right balance between using their customers' data ethically to power AI solutions and being compliant regarding data privacy and data usage regulations. In this paper, we discuss…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Aditi Godbole

Malware attacks have a significant negative impact on organizations of varied scales in the field of cybersecurity. Recently, malware researchers have increasingly turned to machine learning techniques to combat sophisticated obfuscation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Tiffany Bao , Kylie Trousil , Quang Duy Tran , Fabio Di Troia , Younghee Park

A valuable step in the modeling of multiscale dynamical systems in fields such as computational chemistry, biology, materials science and more, is the representative sampling of the phase space over long timescales of interest; this task is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Ellis R. Crabtree , Juan M. Bello-Rivas , Ioannis G. Kevrekidis