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Matching promises transparent causal inferences for observational data, making it an intuitive approach for many applications. In practice, however, standard matching methods often perform poorly compared to modern approaches such as…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-11 Jonathan Che , Xiang Meng , Luke Miratrix

The availability of genomic data is essential to progress in biomedical research, personalized medicine, etc. However, its extreme sensitivity makes it problematic, if not outright impossible, to publish or share it. As a result, several…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-19 Bristena Oprisanu , Georgi Ganev , Emiliano De Cristofaro

We introduce a synthetic control methodology to study policies with staggered adoption. Many policies, such as the board gender diversity policies, are replicated by other policy setters at different time frames. Our method estimates the…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-11-18 Jianfei Cao , Shirley Lu , Hang Wu

The optimal design of experiments typically involves solving an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. In this paper, we aim to develop a globally convergent and practically efficient optimization algorithm. Specifically, we consider a…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-11-29 Yiping Lu , Jiajin Li , Lexing Ying , Jose Blanchet

Radiogenomic map linking image features and gene expression profiles is useful for noninvasively identifying molecular properties of a particular type of disease. Conventionally, such map is produced in three separate steps: 1)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Ziyue Xu , Xiaosong Wang , Hoo-Chang Shin , Dong Yang , Holger Roth , Fausto Milletari , Ling Zhang , Daguang Xu

Supervised deep learning techniques can be used to generate synthetic 7T MRIs from 3T MRI inputs. This image enhancement process leverages the advantages of ultra-high-field MRI to improve the signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-10 Qiming Cui , Duygu Tosun , Pratik Mukherjee , Reza Abbasi-Asl

The desire to train complex machine learning algorithms and to increase the statistical power in association studies drives neuroimaging research to use ever-larger datasets. The most obvious way to increase sample size is by pooling scans…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Christian Wachinger , Anna Rieckmann , Sebastian Pölsterl

Sensory input from multiple sources is crucial for robust and coherent human perception. Different sources contribute complementary explanatory factors. Similarly, research studies often collect multimodal imaging data, each of which can…

AI models present a wide range of applications in the field of medicine. However, achieving optimal performance requires access to extensive healthcare data, which is often not readily available. Furthermore, the imperative to preserve…

The widespread adoption of generative models such as Stable Diffusion and ChatGPT has made them increasingly attractive targets for malicious exploitation, particularly through data poisoning. Existing poisoning attacks compromising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Mathias Lundteigen Mohus , Jingyue Li , Zhirong Yang

Segmenting stroke lesions in MRI is challenging due to diverse acquisition protocols that limit model generalisability. In this work, we introduce two physics-constrained approaches to generate synthetic quantitative MRI (qMRI) images that…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 Liam Chalcroft , Jenny Crinion , Cathy J. Price , John Ashburner

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is often used in medical imaging to classify high-resolution 2D images by processing patches or classify 3D volumes by processing slices. However, conventional MIL approaches treat instances separately,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Ethan Harvey , Dennis Johan Loevlie , Michael C. Hughes

Alzheimer's detection efforts aim to develop accurate models for early disease diagnosis. Significant advances have been achieved with convolutional neural networks and vision transformer based approaches. However, medical datasets suffer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Zobia Batool , Huseyin Ozkan , Erchan Aptoula

Deep learning in cardiac MRI (CMR) is fundamentally constrained by both data scarcity and privacy regulations. This study systematically benchmarks three generative architectures: Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPM), Latent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Madhura Edirisooriya , Dasuni Kawya , Ishan Kumarasinghe , Isuri Devindi , Mary M. Maleckar , Roshan Ragel , Isuru Nawinne , Vajira Thambawita

Existing adversarial example research focuses on digitally inserted perturbations on top of existing natural image datasets. This construction of adversarial examples is not realistic because it may be difficult, or even impossible, for an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Xiruo Liu , Shibani Singh , Cory Cornelius , Colin Busho , Mike Tan , Anindya Paul , Jason Martin

Despite its potential, AI advances in music education are hindered by proprietary systems that limit the democratization of technology in this domain. In particular, AI-driven music difficulty adjustment is especially promising, as…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Pedro Ramoneda , Emilia Parada-Cabaleiro , Dasaem Jeong , Xavier Serra

During recent years, there here has been a boom in terms of deep learning use for handwriting analysis and recognition. One main application for handwriting analysis is early detection and diagnosis in the health field. Unfortunately, most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Asma Bensalah , Antonio Parziale , Giuseppe De Gregorio , Angelo Marcelli , Alicia Fornés , Lladós

In this paper, we propose a bi-modality medical image synthesis approach based on sequential generative adversarial network (GAN) and semi-supervised learning. Our approach consists of two generative modules that synthesize images of the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-30 Xin Yang , Yi Lin , Zhiwei Wang , Xin Li , Kwang-Ting Cheng

Automating quality inspection with computer vision techniques is often a very data-demanding task. Specifically, supervised deep learning requires a large amount of annotated images for training. In practice, collecting and annotating such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Antoine Cordier , Pierre Gutierrez , Victoire Plessis

Individualized treatment decisions can improve health outcomes, but using data to make these decisions in a reliable, precise, and generalizable way is challenging with a single dataset. Leveraging multiple randomized controlled trials…