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Related papers: PRSA: Prompt Stealing Attacks against Real-World P…

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The wide deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) has given rise to strong demands for optimizing their inference performance. Today's techniques serving this purpose primarily focus on reducing latency and improving throughput through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Linke Song , Zixuan Pang , Wenhao Wang , Zihao Wang , XiaoFeng Wang , Hongbo Chen , Wei Song , Yier Jin , Dan Meng , Rui Hou

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly rely on retrieving information from external corpora. This creates a new attack surface: indirect prompt injection (IPI), where hidden instructions are planted in the corpora and hijack model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Hongyan Chang , Ergute Bao , Xinjian Luo , Ting Yu

As large language models (LLMs) are adopted as a fundamental component of language technologies, it is crucial to accurately characterize their performance. Because choices in prompt design can strongly influence model behavior, this design…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Melanie Sclar , Yejin Choi , Yulia Tsvetkov , Alane Suhr

With the increase in software vulnerabilities that cause significant economic and social losses, automatic vulnerability detection has become essential in software development and maintenance. Recently, large language models (LLMs) like GPT…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Chenyuan Zhang , Hao Liu , Jiutian Zeng , Kejing Yang , Yuhong Li , Hui Li

With the proliferation of LLM-integrated applications such as GPT-s, millions are deployed, offering valuable services through proprietary instruction prompts. These systems, however, are prone to prompt extraction attacks through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Junlin Wang , Tianyi Yang , Roy Xie , Bhuwan Dhingra

As the integration of the Large Language Models (LLMs) into various applications increases, so does their susceptibility to misuse, raising significant security concerns. Numerous jailbreak attacks have been proposed to assess the security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Bijoy Ahmed Saiem , MD Sadik Hossain Shanto , Rakib Ahsan , Md Rafi ur Rashid

Large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak prompts that elicit harmful or policy-violating outputs, while many existing defenses rely on expensive fine-tuning, intrusive prompt rewriting, or external guardrails that add…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Weiming Song , Xuan Xie , Ruiping Yin

LLMs are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks. However, this vulnerability has been primarily demonstrated conceptually in academic studies or through a few anecdotal case studies. Its prevalence and impact in real-world LLM-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Mohan Zhang , Yuqi Jia , Zhen Tan , Steven Jiang , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Tianlong Chen , Dawn Song

Jailbreaking large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a critical security challenge with the widespread deployment of conversational AI systems. Adversarial users exploit these models through carefully crafted prompts to elicit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Sri Durga Sai Sowmya Kadali , Evangelos E. Papalexakis

With the rapid adoption of AI in the form of large language models (LLMs), the potential value of carefully engineered prompts has become significant. However, to realize this potential, prompts should be tradable on an open market. Since…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 M. A. van Wyk , M. Bekker , X. L. Richards , K. J. Nixon

This paper presents a real-time modular defense system named Sentra-Guard. The system detects and mitigates jailbreak and prompt injection attacks targeting large language models (LLMs). The framework uses a hybrid architecture with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Md. Mehedi Hasan , Sk Tanzir Mehedi , Ziaur Rahman , Rafid Mostafiz , Md. Abir Hossain

The critical challenge of prompt injection attacks in Large Language Models (LLMs) integrated applications, a growing concern in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) field. Such attacks, which manipulate LLMs through natural language inputs,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xuchen Suo

Large Language Models (LLMs) face threats from jailbreak prompts. Existing methods for detecting jailbreak prompts are primarily online moderation APIs or finetuned LLMs. These strategies, however, often require extensive and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Yueqi Xie , Minghong Fang , Renjie Pi , Neil Gong

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in software via APIs like OpenAI, offering powerful AI features without heavy infrastructure. Yet these integrations bring their own form of self-admitted technical debt (SATD). In this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Ahmed Aljohani , Hyunsook Do

Large language models (LLMs) are popular for high-quality text generation but can produce harmful content, even when aligned with human values through reinforcement learning. Adversarial prompts can bypass their safety measures. We propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Mansi Phute , Alec Helbling , Matthew Hull , ShengYun Peng , Sebastian Szyller , Cory Cornelius , Duen Horng Chau

The dream of achieving a student-teacher ratio of 1:1 is closer than ever thanks to the emergence of large language models (LLMs). One potential application of these models in the educational field would be to provide feedback to students…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Marc Ballestero-Ribó , Daniel Ortiz-Martínez

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as code assistants, yet their behavior when explicitly asked to generate insecure code remains poorly understood. While prior research has focused on unintended vulnerabilities, this study…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Emir Bosnak , Sahand Moslemi , Mayasah Lami , Anil Koyuncu

Early detection of security bug reports (SBRs) is critical for timely vulnerability mitigation. We present an evaluation of prompt-based engineering and fine-tuning approaches for predicting SBRs using Large Language Models (LLMs). Our…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Farnaz Soltaniani , Shoaib Razzaq , Mohammad Ghafari

LLMs have become increasingly capable at accomplishing a range of specialized-tasks and can be utilized to expand equitable access to medical knowledge. Most medical LLMs have involved extensive fine-tuning, leveraging specialized medical…

Previous learning-based vulnerability detection methods relied on either medium-sized pre-trained models or smaller neural networks from scratch. Recent advancements in Large Pre-Trained Language Models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Xin Zhou , Ting Zhang , David Lo
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