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Related papers: PRSA: Prompt Stealing Attacks against Real-World P…

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With the wide adoption of personal AI assistants such as OpenClaw, privacy leakage in user interaction contexts with large language model (LLM) agents has become a critical issue. Existing privacy attacks against LLMs primarily target…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yu Cui , Ruiqing Yue , Hang Fu , Sicheng Pan , Zhuoyu Sun , Baohan Huang , Haibin Zhang , Cong Zuo , Licheng Wang

The ongoing intense discussion on rising LLM usage in the scientific peer-review process has recently been mingled by reports of authors using hidden prompt injections to manipulate review scores. Since the existence of such "attacks" -…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Janis Keuper

Large language models (LLMs) deployed behind APIs and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) stacks are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks that may override system policies, subvert intended behavior, and induce unsafe outputs. Existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Md Takrim Ul Alam , Akif Islam , Mohd Ruhul Ameen , Abu Saleh Musa Miah , Jungpil Shin

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have enabled their successful application to a broad range of tasks. However, in information-intensive tasks, the prompt length can grow fast, leading to increased computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Weronika Łajewska , Momchil Hardalov , Laura Aina , Neha Anna John , Hang Su , Lluís Màrquez

Language Models (LMs) are prone to ''memorizing'' training data, including substantial sensitive user information. To mitigate privacy risks and safeguard the right to be forgotten, machine unlearning has emerged as a promising approach for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Jiacheng Du , Zhibo Wang , Jie Zhang , Xiaoyi Pang , Jiahui Hu , Kui Ren

Autonomous code agents built on large language models are reshaping software and AI development through tool use, long-horizon reasoning, and self-directed interaction. However, this autonomy introduces a previously unrecognized security…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Xiang Zheng , Yutao Wu , Hanxun Huang , Yige Li , Xingjun Ma , Bo Li , Yu-Gang Jiang , Cong Wang

LLM-powered applications routinely embed secrets in system prompts, yet models can be tricked into revealing them. We built an adaptive attacker that evolves its strategies over hundreds of rounds and tested it against nine defense…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Priyal Deep , Shane Emmons , Amy Fox , Kyle Bacon , Kelley McAllister , Peter Ortiz , Krisztian Flautner

Prompt engineering is an essential technique for enhancing the abilities of large language models (LLMs) by providing explicit and specific instructions. It enables LLMs to excel in various tasks, such as arithmetic reasoning, question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Fobo Shi , Peijun Qing , Dong Yang , Nan Wang , Youbo Lei , Haonan Lu , Xiaodong Lin , Duantengchuan Li

Recent studies have discovered that large language models (LLM) may be ``fooled'' to output private information, including training data, system prompts, and personally identifiable information, under carefully crafted adversarial prompts.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Yuzhou Nie , Zhun Wang , Ye Yu , Xian Wu , Xuandong Zhao , Wenbo Guo , Dawn Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) have found widespread applications in various domains, including web applications, where they facilitate human interaction via chatbots with natural language interfaces. Internally, aided by an LLM-integration…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Rodrigo Pedro , Daniel Castro , Paulo Carreira , Nuno Santos

LLM-based coding assistants are seeing rapid adoption, offering substantial gains in developer productivity. As organizations increasingly ship code these agents produce, the security of that code becomes critical. Prior work has shown that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Alexander Sternfeld , Andrei Kucharavy , Ljiljana Dolamic

Existing work on jailbreak Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has focused primarily on adversarial examples in model inputs, with less attention to vulnerabilities, especially in model API. To fill the research gap, we carry out the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Yuanwei Wu , Xiang Li , Yixin Liu , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun

Tool-Based Agent Systems (TBAS) allow Language Models (LMs) to use external tools for tasks beyond their standalone capabilities, such as searching websites, booking flights, or making financial transactions. However, these tools greatly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Peter Yong Zhong , Siyuan Chen , Ruiqi Wang , McKenna McCall , Ben L. Titzer , Heather Miller , Phillip B. Gibbons

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated strong emergent abilities in complex reasoning and zero-shot generalization, showing unprecedented potential for LLM-as-a-judge applications in education, peer review, and data quality…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Xuyang Guo , Zekai Huang , Zhao Song , Jiahao Zhang

Background and Context: Over the past year, large language models (LLMs) have taken the world by storm. In computing education, like in other walks of life, many opportunities and threats have emerged as a consequence. Objectives: In this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Arto Hellas , Juho Leinonen , Sami Sarsa , Charles Koutcheme , Lilja Kujanpää , Juha Sorva

LLM agents are widely used as agents for customer support, content generation, and code assistance. However, they are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, where adversarial inputs manipulate the model's behavior. Traditional defenses…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Zhilong Wang , Neha Nagaraja , Lan Zhang , Hayretdin Bahsi , Pawan Patil , Peng Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed task automation and content generation across various domains while incorporating safety filters to prevent misuse. We introduce a novel jailbreaking framework that employs distributed prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Johan Wahréus , Ahmed Hussain , Panos Papadimitratos

Artificial Intelligence (AI) advancements have enabled the development of Large Language Models (LLMs) that can perform a variety of tasks with remarkable semantic understanding and accuracy. ChatGPT is one such LLM that has gained…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-02 M. Mehdi Kholoosi , M. Ali Babar , Roland Croft

Large Language Models, particularly decoder-only generative models such as GPT, are increasingly used to automate Software Engineering tasks. These models are primarily guided through natural language prompts, making prompt engineering a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Alexander Korn , Lea Zaruchas , Chetan Arora , Andreas Metzger , Sven Smolka , Fanyu Wang , Andreas Vogelsang

Natural Language Processing (NLP) research is increasingly focusing on the use of Large Language Models (LLMs), with some of the most popular ones being either fully or partially closed-source. The lack of access to model details,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Simone Balloccu , Patrícia Schmidtová , Mateusz Lango , Ondřej Dušek
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