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Related papers: PRSA: Prompt Stealing Attacks against Real-World P…

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The drastic increase of large language models' (LLMs) parameters has led to a new research direction of fine-tuning-free downstream customization by prompts, i.e., task descriptions. While these prompt-based services (e.g. OpenAI's GPTs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Zi Liang , Haibo Hu , Qingqing Ye , Yaxin Xiao , Haoyang Li

The increasing reliance on large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT in various fields emphasizes the importance of ``prompt engineering,'' a technology to improve the quality of model outputs. With companies investing significantly in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Zeyang Sha , Yang Zhang

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into a wide range of applications has highlighted the critical role of well-crafted system prompts, which require extensive testing and domain expertise. These prompts enhance task performance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zhixiong Zhuang , Maria-Irina Nicolae , Hui-Po Wang , Mario Fritz

Large Language Models (LLMs) enable a new ecosystem with many downstream applications, called LLM applications, with different natural language processing tasks. The functionality and performance of an LLM application highly depend on its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Bo Hui , Haolin Yuan , Neil Gong , Philippe Burlina , Yinzhi Cao

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming a popular tool as they have significantly advanced in their capability to tackle a wide range of language-based tasks. However, LLMs applications are highly vulnerable to prompt injection attacks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Md Abdur Rahman , Fan Wu , Alfredo Cuzzocrea , Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into various applications. The functionalities of recent LLMs can be flexibly modulated via natural language prompts. This renders them susceptible to targeted adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Kai Greshake , Sahar Abdelnabi , Shailesh Mishra , Christoph Endres , Thorsten Holz , Mario Fritz

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved widespread adoption across numerous applications. However, many LLMs are vulnerable to malicious attacks even after safety alignment. These attacks typically bypass LLMs' safety guardrails by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yucheng Li , Surin Ahn , Huiqiang Jiang , Amir H. Abdi , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has introduced critical security challenges, where adversarial actors can manipulate input prompts to cause significant harm and circumvent safety alignments. These prompt-based attacks…

Prompt leakage poses a compelling security and privacy threat in LLM applications. Leakage of system prompts may compromise intellectual property, and act as adversarial reconnaissance for an attacker. A systematic evaluation of prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Divyansh Agarwal , Alexander R. Fabbri , Ben Risher , Philippe Laban , Shafiq Joty , Chien-Sheng Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are deployed in interactive contexts with direct user engagement, such as chatbots and writing assistants. These deployments are vulnerable to prompt injection and jailbreaking (collectively, prompt hacking), in…

The inference process of modern large language models (LLMs) demands prohibitive computational resources, rendering them infeasible for deployment on consumer-grade devices. To address this limitation, recent studies propose distributed LLM…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Xinjian Luo , Ting Yu , Xiaokui Xiao

Recent studies demonstrate that Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to different prompt-based attacks, generating harmful content or sensitive information. Both closed-source and open-source LLMs are underinvestigated for these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Jiawen Wang , Pritha Gupta , Ivan Habernal , Eyke Hüllermeier

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integral to automated code analysis, enabling tasks such as vulnerability detection and code comprehension. However, their integration introduces novel attack surfaces. In this paper, we identify and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Yue Li , Xiao Li , Hao Wu , Yue Zhang , Fengyuan Xu , Xiuzhen Cheng , Sheng Zhong

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly embedded in empirical research workflows, their use as analytical tools for quantitative or qualitative data raises pressing concerns for scientific integrity. This opinion paper draws a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Thomas Kosch , Sebastian Feger

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in applications that accept user-submitted content, such as uploaded documents or pasted text, for tasks like summarization and question answering. In this paper, we identify a new class of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Zhuotao Lian , Weiyu Wang , Qingkui Zeng , Toru Nakanishi , Teruaki Kitasuka , Chunhua Su

Prompts have significantly improved the performance of pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs) on various downstream tasks recently, making them increasingly indispensable for a diverse range of LLM application scenarios. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Hongwei Yao , Jian Lou , Zhan Qin

System prompts that include detailed instructions to describe the task performed by the underlying LLM can easily transform foundation models into tools and services with minimal overhead. They are often considered intellectual property,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-07 David Pape , Sina Mavali , Thorsten Eisenhofer , Lea Schönherr

Large language model-powered sequential recommender systems (LLM-SRSs) have recently demonstrated remarkable performance, enabling recommendations through prompt-driven inference over user interaction sequences. However, this paradigm also…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yuchuan Zhao , Tong Chen , Junliang Yu , Zongwei Wang , Lizhen Cui , Hongzhi Yin

System prompts are widely used to guide the outputs of large language models (LLMs). These prompts often contain business logic and sensitive information, making their protection essential. However, adversarial and even regular user queries…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Zhifeng Jiang , Zhihua Jin , Guoliang He

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely applied for their remarkable capability of content generation. However, the practical use of open-source LLMs is hindered by high resource requirements, making deployment expensive and limiting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Wenjie Qu , Yuguang Zhou , Yongji Wu , Tingsong Xiao , Binhang Yuan , Yiming Li , Jiaheng Zhang
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