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A nut graph is a simple graph of order 2 or more for which the adjacency matrix has a single zero eigenvalue such that all non-zero kernel eigenvectors have no zero entry (i.e. are full). It is shown by construction that every finite group…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-08 Nino Bašić , Patrick W. Fowler

We give lower bounds for the first non-zero Steklov eigenvalue on connected graphs. These bounds depend on the extrinsic diameter of the boundary and not on the diameter of the graph. We obtain a lower bound which is sharp when the cardinal…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2018-03-26 Hélène Perrin

This paper investigates the asymptotic nature of graph spectra when some edges of a graph are subdivided sufficiently many times. In the special case where all edges of a graph are subdivided, we find the exact limits of the $k$-th largest…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-21 Hitesh Kumar , Bojan Mohar , Shivaramakrishna Pragada , Hanmeng Zhan

Neural network systems describe complex mappings that can be very difficult to understand. In this paper, we study the inverse problem of determining the input images that get mapped to specific neural network classes. Ultimately, we expect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Rebecca Pattichis , Sebastian Janampa , Constantinos S. Pattichis , Marios S. Pattichis

A wide range of graph learning tasks, such as structure discovery, temporal graph analysis, and combinatorial optimization, focus on inferring graph structures from data, rather than making predictions on given graphs. However, the…

During routine state space circuit analysis of an arbitrarily connected set of nodes representing a lossless LC network, a matrix was formed that was observed to implicitly capture connectivity of the nodes in a graph similar to the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-07 Pritam Mukherjee , L. Satish

The criteria for determining graph isomorphism are crucial for solving graph isomorphism problems. The necessary condition is that two isomorphic graphs possess invariants, but their function can only be used to filtrate and subdivide…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Chuanfu Hu , Aimin Hou

A subgraph is constructed by using a subset of vertices and edges of a given graph. There exist many graph properties that are hereditary for subgraphs. Hence, researchers from different communities have paid a great deal of attention in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-06 Kai Siong Yow , Ningyi Liao , Siqiang Luo , Reynold Cheng , Chenhao Ma , Xiaolin Han

The main of this work is to use the unit lower triangular matrices for solving inverse eigenvalue problem of nonnegative matrices and present the easier method to solve this problem.

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-05-22 Alimohammad Nazari , Atiyeh Nezami

In this article, we consider eigenvector centrality for the nodes of a graph and study the robustness (and stability) of this popular centrality measure. For a given weighted graph {\mathcal G} (both directed and undirected), we consider…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-14 Michele Benzi , Nicola Guglielmi

We characterize the graphs with loops whose degree sequences have no repeated values and find their adjacency spectrum. In the case of simple graphs, such graphs are called anti-regular graphs and are examples of threshold graphs. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-16 Cesar O. Aguilar

In this paper we are concerned with various graph invariants (girth, diameter, expansion constants, eigenvalues of the Laplacian, tree number) and their analogs for weighted graphs -- weighing the graph changes a combinatorial problem to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Dmitry Jakobson , Igor Rivin

We consider an inverse problem for a finite graph $(X,E)$ where we are given a subset of vertices $B\subset X$ and the distances $d_{(X,E)}(b_1,b_2)$ of all vertices $b_1,b_2\in B$. The distance of points $x_1,x_2\in X$ is defined as the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-13 Joonas Ilmavirta , Matti Lassas , Jinpeng Lu , Lauri Oksanen , Lauri Ylinen

The burning and forcing processes are both instances of propagation processes on graphs that are commonly used to model real-world spreading phenomena. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. We first establish a connection between…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-16 Aida Abiad , Pax Mallee

A retract of a graph $\Gamma$ is an induced subgraph $\Psi$ of $\Gamma$ such that there exists a homomorphism from $\Gamma$ to $\Psi$ whose restriction to $\Psi$ is the identity map. A graph is a core if it has no nontrivial retracts. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-22 Ricky Rotheram , Sanming Zhou

For an $n$-vertex graph $G$, let $z(G;k)$ denote the number of zero forcing sets of size $k$. A conjecture of Boyer et al. asserts that the path $P_n$ maximizes these numbers coefficientwise among all $n$-vertex graphs; equivalently, the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Samuel German

Many optimization, inference and learning tasks can be accomplished efficiently by means of decentralized processing algorithms where the network topology (i.e., the graph) plays a critical role in enabling the interactions among…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-08-06 Vincenzo Matta , Augusto Santos , Ali H. Sayed

We present a novel method to estimate the dominant eigenvalue and eigenvector pair of any non-negative real matrix via graph infection. The key idea in our technique lies in approximating the solution to the first-order matrix ordinary…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-09 Kaiyuan Yang , Li Xia , Y. C. Tay

We study the minimum number of distinct eigenvalues over a collection of matrices associated with a graph. Lower bounds are derived based on the existence or non-existence of certain cycle(s) in a graph. A key result proves that every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-22 Shaun Fallat , Himanshu Gupta , Allen Herman , Johnna Parenteau

Typically, graph structures are represented by one of three different matrices: the adjacency matrix, the unnormalised and the normalised graph Laplacian matrices. The spectral (eigenvalue) properties of these different matrices are…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-27 J. F. Lutzeyer , A. T. Walden