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The Responsibility-Sensitive Safety (RSS) model offers provable safety for vehicle behaviors such as minimum safe following distance. However, handling worst-case variability and uncertainty may significantly lower vehicle permissiveness,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Philip Koopman , Beth Osyk , Jack Weast

Autonomous driving systems continue to face safety-critical failures, often triggered by rare and unpredictable corner cases that evade conventional testing. We present the Autonomous Driving Digital Twin (ADDT) framework, a high-fidelity…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Bo Yu , Chaoran Yuan , Zishen Wan , Jie Tang , Fadi Kurdahi , Shaoshan Liu

Automated driving systems (ADS) are expected to be reliable and robust against a wide range of driving scenarios. Their decisions, first and foremost, must be well understood. Understanding a decision made by ADS is a great challenge,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Quang-Hung Luu , Huai Liu , Tsong Yueh Chen , Hai L. Vu

Simulation systems have become an essential component in the development and validation of autonomous driving technologies. The prevailing state-of-the-art approach for simulation is to use game engines or high-fidelity computer graphics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Wei Li , Chengwei Pan , Rong Zhang , Jiaping Ren , Yuexin Ma , Jin Fang , Feilong Yan , Qichuan Geng , Xinyu Huang , Huajun Gong , Weiwei Xu , Guoping Wang , Dinesh Manocha , Ruigang Yang

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) based on deep neural networks (DNNs) are widely used in autonomous vehicles for critical perception tasks such as object detection, semantic segmentation, and lane recognition. However, these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Stefano Carlo Lambertenghi , Hannes Leonhard , Andrea Stocco

Path-planning for autonomous vehicles in threat-laden environments is a fundamental challenge. While traditional optimal control methods can find ideal paths, the computational time is often too slow for real-time decision-making. To solve…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-15 Qiang Le , Yaguang Yang , Isaac E. Weintraub

Planning allows an agent to safely refine its actions before executing them in the real world. In autonomous driving, this is crucial to avoid collisions and navigate in complex, dense traffic scenarios. One way to plan is to search for the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Asen Nachkov , Jan-Nico Zaech , Danda Pani Paudel , Xi Wang , Luc Van Gool

AUTOSAR Adaptive Platform is an emerging industry standard that tackles the challenges of modern automotive software design, but does not provide adequate mechanisms to enforce deterministic execution. This poses profound challenges to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Christian Menard , Andres Goens , Marten Lohstroh , Jeronimo Castrillon

Autonomous Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) rely on extensive testing to ensure safety and reliability, yet road scenario datasets often contain redundant cases that slow down the testing process without improving fault detection. To…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Qurban Ali , Andrea Stocco , Leonardo Mariani , Oliviero Riganelli

Automated Driving Systems (ADS) have made great achievements in recent years thanks to the efforts from both academia and industry. A typical ADS is composed of multiple modules, including sensing, perception, planning, and control, which…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Shuncheng Tang , Zhenya Zhang , Yi Zhang , Jixiang Zhou , Yan Guo , Shuang Liu , Shengjian Guo , Yan-Fu Li , Lei Ma , Yinxing Xue , Yang Liu

The selection of relevant test scenarios for the scenario-based testing and safety validation of automated driving systems (ADSs) remains challenging. An important aspect of the relevance of a scenario is the challenge it poses for an ADS.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Lennart Vater , Sven Tarlowski , Michael Schuldes , Lutz Eckstein

The MUSICC project has created a proof-of-concept scenario database to be used as part of a type approval process for the verification of automated driving systems (ADS). This process must include a highly automated means of evaluating test…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Robert Myers , Zeyn Saigol

Existing Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) independently make driving decisions, but they face two significant limitations. First, in complex scenarios, ADS may misinterpret the environment and make inappropriate driving decisions. Second,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Ziwei Song , Mingsong Lv , Tianchi Ren , Chun Jason Xue , Jen-Ming Wu , Nan Guan

This paper investigates the cooperative planning and control problem for multiple connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) in different scenarios. In the existing literature, most of the methods suffer from significant problems in computational…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Xiaoxue Zhang , Zilong Cheng , Jun Ma , Sunan Huang , Frank L. Lewis , Tong Heng Lee

To build a smarter and safer city, a secure, efficient, and sustainable transportation system is a key requirement. The autonomous driving system (ADS) plays an important role in the development of smart transportation and is considered one…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Abu Shad Ahammed , Md Shahi Amran Hossain , Roman Obermaisser

Autonomous driving systems (ADSs) have undergone remarkable development and are increasingly employed in safety-critical applications. However, recently reported data on fatal accidents involving ADSs suggests that the desired level of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-13 An Guo , Yuan Zhou , Haoxiang Tian , Chunrong Fang , Yunjian Sun , Weisong Sun , Xinyu Gao , Anh Tuan Luu , Yang Liu , Zhenyu Chen

During the development of autonomous systems such as driverless cars, it is important to characterize the scenarios that are most likely to result in failure. Adaptive Stress Testing (AST) provides a way to search for the most-likely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-17 Mark Koren , Mykel Kochenderfer

Autonomous driving systems (ADS) have been an active area of research, with the potential to deliver significant benefits to society. However, before large-scale deployment on public roads, extensive testing is necessary to validate their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Qunying Song , He Ye , Mark Harman , Federica Sarro

Background/Context. The use of automated driving systems (ADSs) in the real world requires rigorous testing to ensure safety. To increase trust, ADSs should be tested on a large set of diverse road scenarios. Literature suggests that if a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Stefan Klikovits , Vincenzo Riccio , Ezequiel Castellano , Ahmet Cetinkaya , Alessio Gambi , Paolo Arcaini

Autonomous driving systems (ADS) require extensive testing and validation before deployment. However, it is tedious and time-consuming to construct traffic scenarios for ADS testing. In this paper, we propose TrafficComposer, a multi-modal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Zhi Tu , Liangkun Niu , Wei Fan , Tianyi Zhang