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In response to the success of proprietary Large Language Models (LLMs) such as OpenAI's GPT-4, there is a growing interest in developing open, non-proprietary LLMs and AI foundation models (AIFMs) for transparent use in academic,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Mahdi Alkaeed , Sofiat Abioye , Adnan Qayyum , Yosra Magdi Mekki , Ilhem Berrou , Mohamad Abdallah , Ala Al-Fuqaha , Muhammad Bilal , Junaid Qadir

Clinical decision-making routinely demands reasoning over heterogeneous data, yet existing multimodal language models (MLLMs) remain largely vision-centric and fail to generalize across clinical specialties. To bridge this gap, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Wei Dai , Peilin Chen , Chanakya Ekbote , Paul Pu Liang

Recent developments in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have spurred significant interest in their potential applications across various medical imaging domains. On the one hand, there is a temptation to use these generative models…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-05 Sulaiman Khan , Md. Rafiul Biswas , Alina Murad , Hazrat Ali , Zubair Shah

Specialized clinical AI assistants are rapidly entering medical practice, often framed as safer or more reliable than general-purpose large language models (LLMs). Yet, unlike frontier models, these clinical tools are rarely subjected to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Krithik Vishwanath , Mrigayu Ghosh , Anton Alyakin , Daniel Alexander Alber , Yindalon Aphinyanaphongs , Eric Karl Oermann

Medicine, by its nature, is a multifaceted domain that requires the synthesis of information across various modalities. Medical generative vision-language models (VLMs) make a first step in this direction and promise many exciting clinical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Michael Moor , Qian Huang , Shirley Wu , Michihiro Yasunaga , Cyril Zakka , Yash Dalmia , Eduardo Pontes Reis , Pranav Rajpurkar , Jure Leskovec

Multimodal large language models have advanced rapidly, but their adoption in medicine is constrained by limited domain coverage, imperfect modality alignment, and insufficient grounded reasoning. We introduce MedMO, a medical multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ankan Deria , Komal Kumar , Adinath Madhavrao Dukre , Eran Segal , Salman Khan , Imran Razzak

With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), medical artificial intelligence (AI) has experienced substantial technological progress and paradigm shifts, highlighting the potential of LLMs to streamline healthcare delivery and improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Lei Liu , Xiaoyan Yang , Junchi Lei , Yue Shen , Jian Wang , Peng Wei , Zhixuan Chu , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

In real-world scenarios, achieving domain adaptation and generalization poses significant challenges, as models must adapt to or generalize across unknown target distributions. Extending these capabilities to unseen multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Hao Dong , Moru Liu , Kaiyang Zhou , Eleni Chatzi , Juho Kannala , Cyrill Stachniss , Olga Fink

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly foundation models (FMs), have revolutionized medical image analysis, demonstrating strong zero- and few-shot performance across diverse medical imaging tasks, from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Praveenbalaji Rajendran , Mojtaba Safari , Wenfeng He , Mingzhe Hu , Shansong Wang , Jun Zhou , Xiaofeng Yang

Multi-modality images have been widely used and provide comprehensive information for medical image analysis. However, acquiring all modalities among all institutes is costly and often impossible in clinical settings. To leverage more…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-13 Qi Chang , Hui Qu , Zhennan Yan , Yunhe Gao , Lohendran Baskaran , Dimitris Metaxas

Foundational models (FMs) have made significant strides in the healthcare domain. Yet the data silo challenge and privacy concern remain in healthcare systems, hindering safe medical data sharing and collaborative model development among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Zheling Tan , Kexin Ding , Jin Gao , Mu Zhou , Dimitris Metaxas , Shaoting Zhang , Dequan Wang

Foundation models have emerged as a powerful approach for processing electronic health records (EHRs), offering flexibility to handle diverse medical data modalities. In this study, we present a comprehensive benchmark that evaluates the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Kunyu Yu , Rui Yang , Jingchi Liao , Siqi Li , Huitao Li , Irene Li , Yifan Peng , Rishikesan Kamaleswaran , Nan Liu

Traditional biomedical artificial intelligence (AI) models, designed for specific tasks or modalities, often exhibit limited flexibility in real-world deployment and struggle to utilize holistic information. Generalist AI holds the…

Building multisensory AI systems that learn from multiple sensory inputs such as text, speech, video, real-world sensors, wearable devices, and medical data holds great promise for impact in many scientific areas with practical benefits,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Paul Pu Liang

Medical images and radiology reports are crucial for diagnosing medical conditions, highlighting the importance of quantitative analysis for clinical decision-making. However, the diversity and cross-source heterogeneity of these data…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-09 Yutong Zhang , Yi Pan , Tianyang Zhong , Peixin Dong , Kangni Xie , Yuxiao Liu , Hanqi Jiang , Zhengliang Liu , Shijie Zhao , Tuo Zhang , Xi Jiang , Dinggang Shen , Tianming Liu , Xin Zhang

The accelerating development of general medical artificial intelligence (GMAI), powered by multimodal large language models (MLLMs), offers transformative potential for addressing persistent healthcare challenges, including workforce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Sau Lai Yip , Sunan He , Yuxiang Nie , Shu Pui Chan , Yilin Ye , Sum Ying Lam , Hao Chen

Foundation model, which is pre-trained on broad data and is able to adapt to a wide range of tasks, is advancing healthcare. It promotes the development of healthcare artificial intelligence (AI) models, breaking the contradiction between…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Yuting He , Fuxiang Huang , Xinrui Jiang , Yuxiang Nie , Minghao Wang , Jiguang Wang , Hao Chen

Biomedical multimodal assistants have the potential to unify radiology, pathology, and clinical-text reasoning, yet a critical deployment gap remains: top-performing systems are either closed-source or computationally prohibitive,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Kai Zhang , Zhengqing Yuan , Cheng Peng , Songlin Zhao , Mengxian Lyu , Ziyi Chen , Yanfang Ye , Wei Liu , Ying Zhang , Kaleb E Smith , Lifang He , Lichao Sun , Yonghui Wu

In the past decade, deep learning (DL) has achieved unprecedented success in numerous fields including computer vision, natural language processing, and healthcare. In particular, DL is experiencing an increasing development in applications…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Liang Zhang , Johann Li , Ping Li , Xiaoyuan Lu , Peiyi Shen , Guangming Zhu , Syed Afaq Shah , Mohammed Bennarmoun , Kun Qian , Björn W. Schuller

Recent technological advances in healthcare have led to unprecedented growth in patient data quantity and diversity. While artificial intelligence (AI) models have shown promising results in analyzing individual data modalities, there is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Daan Schouten , Giulia Nicoletti , Bas Dille , Catherine Chia , Pierpaolo Vendittelli , Megan Schuurmans , Geert Litjens , Nadieh Khalili