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Modeling the atmospheres of exoplanets is fundamental to understanding their atmospheric physics and chemical processes. While one-dimensional (1D) atmospheric models with 1D radiative transfer (RT) have been widely used, advances in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-01 Rahul Arora , Liton Majumdar

Radiative-transfer (RT) is a key component for investigating atmospheres of planetary bodies. With the 3D nature of exoplanet atmospheres being important in giving rise to their observable properties, accurate and fast 3D methods are…

We present three-dimensional simulations of the ultra-hot Jupiter (UHJ) WASP-121b from the planetary surface to extended outflows, coupling hydrodynamics with consistent non-equilibrium thermochemistry, ray-tracing radiative transfer, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-03 Lile Wang , Yiren Lin , Ji Wang , Fei Dai

Exploring diverse planetary atmospheres requires modeling tools that are both accurate and flexible. Here, we develop a three-dimensional general circulation model (3D GCM) that for the first time uses a line-by-line approach to describe…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-27 Feng Ding , Robin D. Wordsworth

In hot and ultra-hot Jupiters, stellar irradiation is a primary driver of atmospheric circulation and the wave structures that sustain it. We aim to investigate how variations in radiative and dynamical timescales influence global flow…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-02 C. Akın , K. Heng , J. M. Mendonça , R. Deitrick , L. Gkouvelis

High resolution spectroscopy has opened the way for new, detailed study of exoplanet atmospheres. There is evidence that this technique can be sensitive to the complex, three-dimensional (3D) atmospheric structure of these planets. In this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-09 Hayley Beltz , Emily Rauscher , Matteo Brogi , Eliza M. -R. Kempton

The correlated-k method is frequently used to speed up radiation calculations in both one-dimensional and three-dimensional atmosphere models. An inherent difficulty with this method is how to treat overlapping absorption, i.e. absorption…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-15 David S. Amundsen , Pascal Tremblin , James Manners , Isabelle Baraffe , Nathan J. Mayne

The FKDM $k$-distribution technique is applied to parameterize absorption of thermal radiation in the lower and middle atmosphere of Venus, targeting modeling scenarios where the cost of full radiative transfer calculations necessitates…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-29 Boris Fomin , Mikhail Razumovskiy

The discovery of the near infrared windows into the Venus deep atmosphere has enabled the use of remote sensing techniques to study the composition of the Venus atmosphere below the clouds. In particular, water vapor absorption lines can be…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Jeremy Bailey

We present global, three-dimensional numerical simulations of the atmospheric circulation on HD 209458b and HD 189733b and calculate the infrared spectra and light curves predicted by these simulations, which we compare with available…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Adam P. Showman , Curtis S. Cooper , Jonathan J. Fortney , Mark S. Marley

Observational studies of exoplanets are suggestive of a ubiquitous presence of clouds. The current modelling techniques used in emission to account for the clouds tend to require prior knowledge of the cloud condensing species and often do…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-07 Jake Taylor , Vivien Parmentier , Michael R. Line , Elspeth K. H. Lee , Patrick G. J. Irwin , Suzanne Aigrain

Observations of scattered light and thermal emission from hot Jupiter exoplanets have suggested the presence of inhomogeneous aerosols in their atmospheres. 3D general circulation models (GCMs) that attempt to model the effects of aerosols…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-19 Caleb K. Harada , Eliza M. -R. Kempton , Emily Rauscher , Michael Roman , Isaac Malsky , Marah Brinjikji , Victoria diTomasso

Context. The atmosphere of exoplanets has been studied extensively in recent years, using numerical models to retrieve chemical composition, dynamical circulation or temperature from data. One of the best observational probes in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-22 J. V. Seidel , D. Ehrenreich , L. Pino , V. Bourrier , B. Lavie , R. Allart , A. Wyttenbach , C. Lovis

Hot Jupiters, due to the proximity to their parent stars, are subjected to a strong irradiating flux which governs their radiative and dynamical properties. We compute a suite of 3D circulation models with dual-band radiative transfer,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Rosalba Perna , Kevin Heng , Frederic Pont

Inverse techniques are used to extract information about an exoplanet's atmosphere. These techniques are prone to biased results if the appropriate forward model is not used. One assumption used in a forward model is to assume that the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-30 Jake Taylor

We present a comprehensive analytical study of radiative transfer using the method of moments and include the effects of non-isotropic scattering in the coherent limit. Within this unified formalism, we derive the governing equations and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Kevin Heng , João M. Mendonça , Jae-Min Lee

With the new generation of space telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), it is possible to better characterize the atmospheres of exoplanets. The atmospheres of Hot and Ultra Hot Jupiters are highly heterogeneous and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-22 Aurélien Falco , Jérémy Leconte , Alexandre Mechineau , William Pluriel

Context: Remote light scattering and thermal infrared observations provide clues about the physical properties of cometary and interplanetary dust particles. Identifying these properties will lead to a better understanding of the formation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-05 Johannes Markkanen , Jessica Agarwal

In the era of state-of-the-art space-borne telescopes, high-resolution ground-based observation has emerged as a crucial method for characterizing exoplanets, providing essential insights into their atmospheric compositions. In the optical…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-19 Dwaipayan Dubey , Liton Majumdar

Context: Knowledge about hot, massive stars is usually inferred from quantitative spectroscopy. To analyse non-spherical phenomena, the existing 1D codes must be extended to higher dimensions, and corresponding tools need to be developed.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-25 L. Hennicker , J. Puls , N. D. Kee , J. O. Sundqvist