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Bitcoin mining presents a significant economic incentive for efficient hashing and broadcast of data, both parameters stemming from the Proofs of Work used to advance the network. This incentive has led to the development of Bitcoin…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-03-17 Jonathan Harvey-Buschel , Can Kisagun

In blockchain applications, transaction confirmation is often treated as usability friction to be minimized or removed. However, confirmation also marks the boundary between deliberation and irreversible commitment, suggesting it may play a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Eason Chen , Xinyi Tang , George Digkas , Dionysios Lougaris , John E. Naulty , Kostas Chalkias

Bitcoin is a "crypto currency", a decentralized electronic payment scheme based on cryptography which has recently gained excessive popularity. Scientific research on bitcoin is less abundant. A paper at Financial Cryptography 2012…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-04-11 Nicolas T. Courtois , Marek Grajek , Rahul Naik

This paper develops a model to evaluate the viability of blockchain markets as the sole venue for price formation. Blockchains clear at discrete intervals called block time, and transactions are executed sequentially according to priority…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-05-19 Agostino Capponi , Álvaro Cartea , Fayçal Drissi

A proof of the security of the Bitcoin protocol is made rigorous, and simplified in certain parts. A computational model in which an adversary can delay transmission of blocks by time $\Delta$ is considered. The protocol is generalized to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Christopher Blake , Chen Feng , Xuechao Wang , Qianyu Yu

This paper studies the optimal transaction fee mechanisms for blockchains, focusing on the distinction between price-based ($\mathcal{P}$) and quantity-based ($\mathcal{Q}$) controls. By analyzing factors such as demand uncertainty,…

General Economics · Economics 2025-02-26 Abdoulaye Ndiaye

A Confirmation Rule, within blockchain networks, refers to an algorithm implemented by network nodes that determines (either probabilistically or deterministically) the permanence of certain blocks on the blockchain. An example of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Aditya Asgaonkar , Francesco D'Amato , Roberto Saltini , Luca Zanolini , Chenyi Zhang

Payment channel networks are an approach to improve the scalability of blockchain-based cryptocurrencies. The Lightning Network is a payment channel network built for Bitcoin that is already used in practice. Because the Lightning Network…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Matthias Grundmann , Hannes Hartenstein

This study evaluates the performance of 41 machine learning models, including 21 classifiers and 20 regressors, in predicting Bitcoin prices for algorithmic trading. By examining these models under various market conditions, we highlight…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-07-29 Abdul Jabbar , Syed Qaisar Jalil

The paper studies the linear model for Bitcoin price which includes regression features based on Bitcoin currency statistics, mining processes, Google search trends, Wikipedia pages visits. The pattern of deviation of regression model…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-01-11 Bohdan M. Pavlyshenko

In this brief, we conduct a complex-network analysis of the Bitcoin transaction network. In particular, we design a new sampling method, namely random walk with flying-back (RWFB), to conduct effective data sampling. We then conduct a…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Bishenghui Tao , Hong-Ning Dai , Jiajing Wu , Ivan Wang-Hei Ho , Zibin Zheng , Chak Fong Cheang

Prediction of stock prices has been a crucial and challenging task, especially in the case of highly volatile digital currencies such as Bitcoin. This research examineS the potential of using neural network models, namely LSTMs and GRUs, to…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-05-15 Ali Mohammadjafari

Cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, are one of the most controversial and complex technological innovations in today's financial system. This study aims to forecast the movements of Bitcoin prices at a high degree of accuracy. To this aim,…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-03-09 Hakan Pabuccu , Serdar Ongan , Ayse Ongan

Blockchain systems are being used in a wide range of application domains. They can support trusted transactions in time critical applications. In this paper, we study how miners should pick up transactions from a transaction pool so as to…

Performance · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Gholamreza Ramezan , Cyril Leung , Chunyan Miao

In this paper we propose a deep recurrent model based on the order flow for the stationary modelling of the high-frequency directional prices movements. The order flow is the microsecond stream of orders arriving at the exchange, driving…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-04-06 Ye-Sheen Lim , Denise Gorse

The synchronization process inherent to the Bitcoin network gives rise to an infinite-server model with the unusual feature that customers interact. Among the closed-form characteristics that we derive for this model is the busy period…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-03-27 Maria Frolkova , Michel Mandjes

Bitcoin and its decentralized computing paradigm for digital currency trading are one of the most disruptive technology in the 21st century. This paper presents a novel approach to developing a Bitcoin transaction forecast model,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Wenqi Wei , Qi Zhang , Ling Liu

This work aims to analyse the predictability of price movements of cryptocurrencies on both hourly and daily data observed from January 2017 to January 2021, using deep learning algorithms. For our experiments, we used three sets of…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-02-18 Marco Ortu , Nicola Uras , Claudio Conversano , Giuseppe Destefanis , Silvia Bartolucci

A key challenge for Bitcoin cryptocurrency holders, such as startups using ICOs to raise funding, is managing their FX risk. Specifically, a misinformed decision to convert Bitcoin to fiat currency could, by itself, cost USD millions. In…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2018-05-15 Cuneyt Akcora , Matthew Dixon , Yulia Gel , Murat Kantarcioglu

Transaction fee markets are essential components of blockchain economies, as they resolve the inherent scarcity in the number of transactions that can be added to each block. In early blockchain protocols, this scarcity was resolved through…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Stefanos Leonardos , Daniël Reijsbergen , Barnabé Monnot , Georgios Piliouras