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One class of statistical hypothesis testing procedures is the indisputable equivalence tests, whose main objective is to establish practical equivalence rather than the usual statistical significant difference. These hypothesis tests are…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-04 Daniel Ochieng

Hypothesis testing results often rely on simple, yet important assumptions about the behaviour of the distribution of p-values under the null and the alternative. We examine tests for one dimensional parameters of interest that converge to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-06 Yanbo Tang , Radu Craiu , Lei Sun

We present the expected values from p-value hacking as a choice of the minimum p-value among $m$ independents tests, which can be considerably lower than the "true" p-value, even with a single trial, owing to the extreme skewness of the…

Applications · Statistics 2018-01-29 Nassim Nicholas Taleb

Adjustment of statistical significance levels for repeated analysis in group sequential trials has been understood for some time. Similarly, methods for adjustment accounting for testing multiple hypotheses are common. There is limited…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-28 Yujie Zhao , Qi Liu , Linda Z. Sun , Keaven M. Anderson

When reasoning with uncertainty there are many situations where evidences are not only uncertain but their propositions may also be weakly specified in the sense that it may not be certain to which event a proposition is referring. It is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Johan Schubert

Differential privacy has emerged as an significant cornerstone in the realm of scientific hypothesis testing utilizing confidential data. In reporting scientific discoveries, Bayesian tests are widely adopted since they effectively…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-22 Abhisek Chakraborty , Saptati Datta

A common problem in genetics is that of testing whether a set of highly dependent gene expressions differ between two populations, typically in a high-dimensional setting where the data dimension is larger than the sample size. Most…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-03-11 Måns Thulin

Parameter estimation based on uncertain data represented as belief structures is one of the latest problems in the Dempster-Shafer theory. In this paper, a novel method is proposed for the parameter estimation in the case where belief…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-02-18 Xinyang Deng , Yong Hu , Felix Chan , Sankaran Mahadevan , Yong Deng

We study a large-scale one-sided multiple testing problem in which test statistics follow normal distributions with unit variance, and the goal is to identify signals with positive mean effects. A conventional approach is to compute…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-15 Kwangok Seo , Johan Lim , Hyungwon Choi , Jaesik Jeong

A new standard is proposed for the evidential assessment of replication studies. The approach combines a specific reverse-Bayes technique with prior-predictive tail probabilities to define replication success. The method gives rise to a…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-08 Leonhard Held

We propose novel methodology for testing equality of model parameters between two high-dimensional populations. The technique is very general and applicable to a wide range of models. The method is based on sample splitting: the data is…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-01-17 Nicolas Städler , Sach Mukherjee

P-value functions are modern statistical tools that unify effect estimation and hypothesis testing and can provide alternative point and interval estimates compared to standard meta-analysis methods, using any of the many $p$-value…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-24 Leonhard Held , Felix Hofmann , Samuel Pawel

The media industry is increasingly personalizing the offering of contents in attempt to better target the audience. This requires to analyze the relationships that goes established between users and content they enjoy, looking at one side…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-04-12 Luigi Troiano , Irene Díaz , Ciro Gaglione

$P$-values that are derived from continuously distributed test statistics are typically uniformly distributed on $(0,1)$ under least favorable parameter configurations (LFCs) in the null hypothesis. Conservativeness of a $p$-value $P$…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-13 Daniel Ochieng , Anh-Tuan Hoang , Thorsten Dickhaus

The classical theory for the meta-analysis of $p$-values is based on the assumption that if the overall null hypothesis is true, then all $p$-values used in a chosen combined test statistic are genuine, i.e., are observations from…

Computation · Statistics 2024-10-08 Rui Santos , M. Fátima Brilhante , Sandra Mendonça

A random set is a generalisation of a random variable, i.e. a set-valued random variable. The random set theory allows a unification of other uncertainty descriptions such as interval variable, mass belief function in Dempster-Shafer theory…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-11-27 Truong-Vinh Hoang , Hermann G. Matthies

Combining p-values to integrate multiple effects is of long-standing interest in social science and biomedical research. In this paper, we focus on revisiting a classical scenario closely related to meta-analysis, which combines a…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-15 Yusi Fang , Chung Chang , George Tseng

Completely randomized experiment is the gold standard for causal inference. When the covariate information for each experimental candidate is available, one typical way is to include them in covariate adjustments for more accurate treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-10 Xin Lu , Fan Yang , Yuhao Wang

The presence of interference renders classic Fisher randomization tests infeasible due to nuisance unknowns. To address this issue, we propose imputing the nuisance unknowns and computing Fisher randomization p-values multiple times, then…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-14 Tingxuan Han , Ke Zhu , Hanzhong Liu , Ke Deng

We study how to combine p-values and e-values, and design multiple testing procedures where both p-values and e-values are available for every hypothesis. Our results provide a new perspective on multiple testing with data-driven weights:…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-19 Nikolaos Ignatiadis , Ruodu Wang , Aaditya Ramdas