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The residual load and excess power generation of 27 European countries with a 100% penetration of variable renewable energy sources are explored in order to quantify the benefit of power transmission between countries. Estimates are based…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-02-13 Rolando A. Rodriguez , Sarah Becker , Gorm B. Andresen , Dominik Heide , Martin Greiner

The transformation of the energy system has raised concerns about the reliability of fully renewable energy systems. We address this question for a 2050 European energy system using an economically optimal adequacy assessment. Our results…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-02 David Franzmann , Nils Ludwig , Jochen Linßen , Detlef Stolten , Heidi Heinrichs

Energy system modellers typically choose a low spatial resolution for their models based on administrative boundaries such as countries, which eases data collection and reduces computation times. However, a low spatial resolution can lead…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-01-18 Martha Maria Frysztacki , Jonas Hörsch , Veit Hagenmeyer , Tom Brown

We use an open, hourly-resolved, networked model of the European energy system to investigate the storage requirements under decreasing CO$_2$ emissions targets and several sector-coupling scenarios. For the power system, significant…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-11-22 Marta Victoria , Kun Zhu , Tom Brown , Gorm B. Andresen , Martin Greiner

The energy transition is well underway in most European countries. It has a growing impact on electric power systems as it dramatically modifies the way electricity is produced. To ensure a safe and smooth transition towards a pan-European…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-10-17 Laurent Pagnier , Philippe Jacquod

The reliability of energy systems is strongly influenced by the prevailing climate conditions. With the increasing prevalence of renewable energy sources, the interdependence between energy and climate systems has become even stronger. This…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-05-10 Xiangtian Zheng , Le Xie , Kiyeob Lee , Dan Fu , Jiahan Wu , Ping Chang

Modern society's reliance on power systems is at risk from the escalating effects of wind-related climate change. Yet, failure to identify the intricate relationship between wind-related climate risks and power systems could lead to serious…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-26 Jiaqi Ruan , Xiangrui Meng , Yifan Zhu , Gaoqi Liang , Xianzhuo Sun , Huayi Wu , Huijuan Xiao , Mengqian Lu , Pin Gao , Jiapeng Li , Wai-Kin Wong , Zhao Xu , Junhua Zhao

Extreme weather events during peak winter periods drive resource adequacy risk in Great Britain (GB), with weather sensitivity of the supply-demand balance increasing through additional electric heating and wind generation. This work…

Applications · Statistics 2026-04-23 Aninda Bhattacharya , Chris J. Dent , Amy L. Wilson , Gabriele C. Hegerl

Space and water heating accounts for about 40% of final energy consumption in the European Union and thus plays a key role in reducing overall costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Many scenarios to reach net-zero emissions in buildings rely…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-06-08 Elisabeth Zeyen , Veit Hagenmeyer , Tom Brown

High-temperature electrolysis (HTE) is a promising technology for achieving high-efficiency power-to-gas, which mitigates the renewable curtailment by transforming wind or solar energy into fuels. Different from low-temperature…

Applied Physics · Physics 2018-10-17 Xuetao Xing , Jin Lin , Yonghua Song , Qiang Hu , You Zhou , Shujun Mu

The output of renewable energy fluctuates significantly depending on weather conditions. We develop a unit commitment model to analyze requirements of the forecast output and its error for renewable energies. Our model obtains the time…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Yuichi Ikeda , Takashi Ikegami , Kazuto Kataoka , Kazuhiko Ogimoto

Hydrogen-based long-duration electricity storage (LDES) is a key component of renewable energy systems to deal with seasonality and prolonged periods of low wind and solar energy availability. In this paper, we investigate how electrified…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-06-11 Felix Schmidt , Alexander Roth , Wolf-Peter Schill

In order to mitigate the impacts of the energy crise, the European Union has proposed various measures. For the power sector a directive prescribes a shift of 5% of the demand in 10% of the peak hours, plus a voluntary 10% overall demand…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-12-14 Alice Di Bella , Massimo Tavoni

Coping with prolonged periods of low availability of wind and solar power, also referred to as variable renewable energy droughts or "Dunkelflaute", emerges as a key challenge for realizing decarbonized energy systems based on renewable…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-05-12 Martin Kittel , Alexander Roth , Wolf-Peter Schill

Extreme weather events stemming from climate change can cause significant damage and disruption to power systems. Failure to mitigate and adapt to climate change and its cascading effects can lead to short and long term issues. The profound…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-09-22 Rouzbeh Shirvani , Tarannom Parhizkar

Especially in regions with high solar irradiation, photocatalysis presents a promising low-cost "green" hydrogen production option. Thus, this paper analyzes impacts of increasing photocatalysis shares on the European energy system using an…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-07-30 Wolfram Tuschewitzki , Jelto Lange , Jacob Schneidewind , Martin Kaltschmitt

Short term load forecasts will play a key role in the implementation of smart electricity grids. They are required to optimise a wide range of potential network solutions on the low voltage (LV) grid, including integrating low carbon…

Applications · Statistics 2019-10-17 Stephen Haben , Georgios Giasemidis , Florian Ziel , Siddharth Arora

This paper provides a detailed account of the impact of different offshore wind siting strategies on the design of the European power system. To this end, a two-stage method is proposed. In the first stage, a highly-granular siting problem…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-26 David Radu , Mathias Berger , Antoine Dubois , Raphael Fonteneau , Hrvoje Pandzic , Yury Dvorkin , Quentin Louveaux , Damien Ernst

Energy system models require a large amount of technical and economic data, the quality of which significantly influences the reliability of the results. Some of the variables on the important data source ENTSO-E transparency platform, such…

General Economics · Economics 2023-02-23 Thomas Möbius , Mira Watermeyer , Oliver Grothe , Felix Müsgens

The energy transition is reshaping electricity systems, bringing new challenges, and emphasizing the need for strategic planning. Energy policies play a crucial role in guiding this transition. However, assessing their impacts often…