English
Related papers

Related papers: Multi-Bit Distortion-Free Watermarking for Large L…

200 papers

Watermarking has become a key technique for proprietary language models, enabling the distinction between AI-generated and human-written text. However, in many real-world scenarios, LLM-generated content may undergo post-generation edits,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Liyan Xie , Muhammad Siddeek , Mohamed Seif , Andrea J. Goldsmith , Mengdi Wang

The most effective techniques to detect LLM-generated text rely on inserting a detectable signature -- or watermark -- during the model's decoding process. Most existing watermarking methods require access to the underlying LLM's logits,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Yapei Chang , Kalpesh Krishna , Amir Houmansadr , John Wieting , Mohit Iyyer

In the present-day scenario, Large Language Models (LLMs) are establishing their presence as powerful instruments permeating various sectors of society. While their utility offers valuable support to individuals, there are multiple concerns…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Badr Youbi Idrissi , Monica Millunzi , Amelia Sorrenti , Lorenzo Baraldi , Daryna Dementieva

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced the usability of AI-generated code, providing effective assistance to programmers. This advancement also raises ethical and legal concerns, such as academic dishonesty or the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Boquan Li , Zirui Fu , Mengdi Zhang , Peixin Zhang , Jun Sun , Xingmei Wang

In the era of costly pre-training of large language models, ensuring the intellectual property rights of model owners, and insuring that said models are responsibly deployed, is becoming increasingly important. To this end, we propose model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Vaden Masrani , Mohammad Akbari , David Ming Xuan Yue , Ahmad Rezaei , Yong Zhang

Large Language Model (LLM) watermarking embeds detectable signals into generated text for copyright protection, misuse prevention, and content detection. While prior studies evaluate robustness using watermark removal attacks, these methods…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Zhaoxi Zhang , Xiaomei Zhang , Yanjun Zhang , He Zhang , Shirui Pan , Bo Liu , Asif Qumer Gill , Leo Yu Zhang

As the outputs of generative AI (GenAI) techniques improve in quality, it becomes increasingly challenging to distinguish them from human-created content. Watermarking schemes are a promising approach to address the problem of…

Watermarking is an important copyright protection technology which generally embeds the identity information into the carrier imperceptibly. Then the identity can be extracted to prove the copyright from the watermarked carrier even after…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Sulong Ge , Zhihua Xia , Jianwei Fei , Xingming Sun , Jian Weng

The current work is focusing on the implementation of a robust watermarking algorithm for digital images, which is based on an innovative spread spectrum analysis algorithm for watermark embedding and on a content-based image retrieval…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-09-29 Dimitrios K. Tsolis , Spyros Sioutas , Theodore S. Papatheodorou

Watermarking (WM) is a critical mechanism for detecting and attributing AI-generated content. Current WM methods for Large Language Models (LLMs) are predominantly tailored for autoregressive (AR) models: They rely on tokens being generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Ofek Raban , Ethan Fetaya , Gal Chechik

In today's digital landscape, the blending of AI-generated and authentic content has underscored the need for copyright protection and content authentication. Watermarking has become a vital tool to address these challenges, safeguarding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Runyi Hu , Jie Zhang , Yiming Li , Jiwei Li , Qing Guo , Han Qiu , Tianwei Zhang

Speech watermarking techniques can proactively mitigate the potential harmful consequences of instant voice cloning techniques. These techniques involve the insertion of signals into speech that are imperceptible to humans but can be…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-19 Shengpeng Ji , Ziyue Jiang , Jialong Zuo , Minghui Fang , Yifu Chen , Tao Jin , Zhou Zhao

As large language models (LLM) are increasingly used for text generation tasks, it is critical to audit their usages, govern their applications, and mitigate their potential harms. Existing watermark techniques are shown effective in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Chaoyi Zhu , Jeroen Galjaard , Pin-Yu Chen , Lydia Y. Chen

Large language models (LLMs) can be trained or fine-tuned on data obtained without the owner's consent. Verifying whether a specific LLM was trained on particular data instances or an entire dataset is extremely challenging. Dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Eyal German , Sagiv Antebi , Edan Habler , Asaf Shabtai , Yuval Elovici

Although deep neural networks have made tremendous progress in the area of multimedia representation, training neural models requires a large amount of data and time. It is well-known that utilizing trained models as initial weights often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-09 Yuki Nagai , Yusuke Uchida , Shigeyuki Sakazawa , Shin'ichi Satoh

Watermarking is a commonly used strategy to protect creators' rights to digital images, videos and audio. Recently, watermarking methods have been extended to deep learning models -- in principle, the watermark should be preserved when an…

Data watermarking in language models injects traceable signals, such as specific token sequences or stylistic patterns, into copyrighted text, allowing copyright holders to track and verify training data ownership. Previous data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Xinyue Cui , Johnny Tian-Zheng Wei , Swabha Swayamdipta , Robin Jia

This paper considers the problem of multi-bit generative watermarking for large language models under a worst-case false-alarm constraint. Prior work established a lower bound on the achievable miss-detection probability in the finite-token…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Yu-Shin Huang , Chao Tian , Krishna Narayanan

Image watermarking methods are not tailored to handle small watermarked areas. This restricts applications in real-world scenarios where parts of the image may come from different sources or have been edited. We introduce a deep-learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Tom Sander , Pierre Fernandez , Alain Durmus , Teddy Furon , Matthijs Douze

Audio watermarking is widely used for leaking source tracing. The robustness of the watermark determines the traceability of the algorithm. With the development of digital technology, audio re-recording (AR) has become an efficient and…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Chang Liu , Jie Zhang , Han Fang , Zehua Ma , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu