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Low Earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellations greatly extend the coverage and resilience of future wireless systems. Within the mega-constellations, laser inter-satellite links (LISLs) enable high-capacity, long-range connectivity. Existing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-30 Zhouyou Gu , Jihong Park , Jinho Choi

As Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite mega constellations continue to be deployed for satellite internet and recent successful experiments in satellite-based quantum entanglement distribution emerge, a natural question arises: How should we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-16 Albert Williams , Nitish K. Panigrahy , Andrew McGregor , Don Towsley

The highly dynamic nature of Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks introduces challenges that existing transport protocols fail to address, including non-congestive latency variation and loss, transient congestion hotspots, and frequent…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Aiden Valentine , Ian Wakeman , George Parisis

Current theoretical studies on IoT-over-LEO satellite systems often rely on unrealistic assumptions, such as infinite terrestrial areas and omnidirectional satellite coverage, leaving significant gaps in theoretical analysis for more…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Wen-Yu Dong , Shaoshi Yang , Ping Zhang , Sheng Chen

In practice, low Earth orbit (LEO) and medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellite networks consist of multiple orbits which are populated with many satellites. A widely used spatial architecture for LEO or MEO satellites is the Walker…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Chang-Sik Choi , Francois Baccelli

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the link budget for free-space optical systems involving Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites. We develop a detailed model of the satellite-to-ground channel that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-17 Artur Czerwinski , Jakub J. Borkowski , Saeed Haddadi

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite internet of things (IoT) is a promising way achieving global Internet of Everything, and thus has been widely recognized as an important component of sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. Yet, due to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Ming Ying , Xiaoming Chen , Qiao Qi , Wolfgang Gerstacker

We construct and analyze climate networks based on daily satellite measurements of temperatures and geopotential heights. We show that these networks are stable during time and are similar over different altitudes. Each link in our network…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2011-09-27 Yehiel Berezin , Avi Gozolchiani , Shlomo Havlin

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Satellite Network (SatNet) with their mega-constellations are expected to play a key role in providing ubiquitous Internet and communications services in the future. LEO SatNets will provide wide-area coverage and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Tasneem Darwish , Gunes Karabulut Kurt , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Michel Bellemare , Guillaume Lamontagne

Marine Internet of Things (IoT) systems have grown substantially with the development of non-terrestrial networks (NTN) via aerial and space vehicles in the upcoming sixth-generation (6G), thereby assisting environment protection, military…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-11 Sooyeob Jung , Seongah Jeong , Jinkyu Kang , Joonhyuk Kang

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Earth Observation (EO) satellites have changed the way we monitor Earth. Acting like moving cameras, EO satellites are formed in constellations with different missions and priorities, and capture vast data that needs…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Xiaojian Wang , Ruozhou Yu , Dejun Yang , Guoliang Xue

Internet of Things (IoT) will comprise billions of devices that can sense, communicate, compute and potentially actuate. The data generated by the Internet of Things are valuable and have the potential to drive innovative and novel…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Charith Perera , Prem Prakash Jayaraman , Arkady Zaslavsky , Peter Christen , Dimitrios Georgakopoulos

Optical inter-satellite links (OISLs) improve connectivity between satellites in space. They offer advantages such as high-throughput data transfer and reduced size, weight, and power requirements compared to traditional radio frequency…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-07 Bodong Shang , Shuo Zhang , Zi Jing Wong

Earth observation analytics have the potential to transform many sectors. However, due to limited ground connections, it currently takes hours to days to download and analyze Earth observation data, diminishing the value of data for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Zhouyu Li , Zhijin Yang , Huayue Gu , Xiaojian Wang , Yuchen Liu , Ruozhou Yu

Low latency and high synchronization among users are critical for emerging multi-user virtual interaction applications. However, the existing ground-based cloud solutions are naturally limited by the complex ground topology and fiber…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Jiahe Huang , Yifei Zhu

The extension of wide area wireless connectivity to low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems demands a fresh look at the effects of in-orbit base stations, sky-to-ground propagation, and cell planning. A multi-beam LEO…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-15 Eunsun Kim , Ian P. Roberts , Jeffrey G. Andrews

In this paper, we propose an approach for constructing a multi-layer multi-orbit space information network (SIN) to provide high-speed continuous broadband connectivity for space missions (nanosatellite terminals) from the emerging…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-20 Hayder Al-Hraishawi , Mario Minardi , Houcine Chougrani , Oltjon Kodheli , Jesus Fabian Mendoza Montoya , Symeon Chatzinotas

Low Earth Orbit satellite Internet has recently been deployed, providing worldwide service with non-terrestrial networks. With the large-scale deployment of both non-terrestrial and terrestrial networks, limited spectrum resources will not…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Haoxuan Yuan , Zhe Chen , Zheng Lin , Jinbo Peng , Zihan Fang , Yuhang Zhong , Zihang Song , Yue Gao

The immense volume of data generated by Earth observation (EO) satellites presents significant challenges in transmitting it to Earth over rate-limited satellite-to-ground communication links. This paper presents an efficient downlink…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-17 Van-Phuc Bui , Shashi Raj Pandey , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Petar Popovski

Seafloor observation network can perform all-weather, long-term, continuous, real-time, and in-situ observation of the ocean by combing various observation methods including cabled seafloor nodes, self-contained nodes, as well as mobile…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Jialiang Zhang , Sujing Wang , Ziqi Ma , Guanjun Gao , Yonggang Guo , Fei Zhang , Shanguo Huang , Jie Zhang