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Low Earth orbit Satellite Networks (LSNs) have been advocated as a key infrastructure for truly global coverage in the forthcoming 6G. This paper presents our initial measurement results and observations on the end-to-end network…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Sami Ma , Yi Ching Chou , Haoyuan Zhao , Long Chen , Xiaoqiang Ma , Jiangchuan Liu

In recent years, Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) mega-constellations have emerged as a promising network technology and have ushered in a new era for democratizing Internet access. The Starlink network from SpaceX stands out as the only…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Nitinder Mohan , Andrew Ferguson , Hendrik Cech , Prakita Rayyan Renatin , Rohan Bose , Mahesh Marina , Jörg Ott

Starlink and alike have attracted a lot of attention recently, however, the inner working of these low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite networks is still largely unknown. This paper presents an ongoing measurement campaign focusing on Starlink,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Jianping Pan , Jinwei Zhao , Lin Cai

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks have attracted considerable attention for their ability to deliver global, low-latency broadband Internet services. In this paper, we present a large-scale measurement study of the Starlink network,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Bingsen Wang , Xiaohui Zhang , Shuai Wang , Li Chen , Jinwei Zhao , Dan Li , Yong Jiang

This paper presents an empirical study of dynamic factors affecting link quality in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communications, using Starlink as a case study. Over 56 days, 112 high-quality meteorological measurements in mostly 1-min…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Clemens Lottermoser , Simon Damm , Stefan Schmid

This study presents the first global analysis of on-demand video streaming over Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks, using data from over one million households across 85 countries. We highlight Starlink's role as a major LEO provider,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Liz Izhikevich , Reese Enghardt , Te-Yuan Huang , Renata Teixeira

The Internet is going through a massive infrastructural revolution with the advent of low-flying satellite networks, 5/6G, WiFi7, and hollow-core fiber deployments. While these networks could unleash enhanced connectivity and new…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Shubham Tiwari , Saksham Bhushan , Aryan Taneja , Mohamed Kassem , Cheng Luo , Cong Zhou , Zhiyuan He , Aravindh Raman , Nishanth Sastry , Lili Qiu , Debopam Bhattacherjee

Starlink has rapidly emerged as the world's largest satellite constellation and the de facto reference system for low Earth orbit (LEO) networking research. Existing literature predominantly models Starlink as a static, symmetric, and fully…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Muaz Ali , Utkarsh Upadhyay , Sean McCormick , Joseph Hill , Beichuan Zhang

In this paper, we present an open-source measurement platform designed to characterize the performance of commercial cellular (Verizon, a major US provider) and LEO satellite (Starlink) networks through real-world flight tests in rural…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Sravan Reddy Chintareddy , Sherwan Jalal Abdullah , Justin D. Clough , Victor S. Frost , Shawn Keshmiri , Morteza Hashemi

Earth observation (EO) satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) are collecting vast amounts of data, which are invaluable for applications such as monitoring forest fires. However, data downloading from EO satellites faces significant challenges…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Bo Wu , David Tipper , Pengfei Zhou

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are quickly gaining traction with promises of impressively low latency, high bandwidth, and global reach. However, the research community knows relatively little about their operation and performance…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Liz Izhikevich , Manda Tran , Katherine Izhikevich , Gautam Akiwate , Zakir Durumeric

Starlink is a low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation operated by Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (SpaceX) which aims to provide global satellite internet access. Thus far, most photometric observations of Starlink satellites…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-08 Grace Halferty , Vishnu Reddy , Tanner Campbell , Adam Battle , Roberto Furfaro

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite ISPs promise universal Internet connectivity, yet their interaction with content delivery remains poorly understood. We present the first comprehensive measurement study decomposing Starlink's web content…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Rohan Bose , Jinwei Zhao , Tanya Shreedhar , Jianping Pan , Nitinder Mohan

Streaming videos from resource-constrained front-end devices over networks to resource-rich cloud servers has long been a common practice for surveillance and analytics. Most existing live video analytics (LVA) systems, however, have been…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Miao Zhang , Jiaxing Li , Haoyuan Zhao , Linfeng Shen , Jiangchuan Liu

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite mega-constellations have emerged as a viable access solution for broadband connectivity in underserved areas. In 2024, Starlink, in partnership with T-Mobile, began beta testing an SMS-only Supplemental…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Jorge Garcia-Cabeza , Javier Albert-Smet , Zoraida Frias , Luis Mendo , Santiago Andrés Azcoitia , Eduardo Yraola

Due to the strong dependency of our societies onGlobal Navigation Satellite Systems and their vulnerability to outages, there is an urgent need for additional navigation systems. A possible approach for such an additional system uses the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-20 Winfried Stock , Christian A. Hofmann , Andreas Knopp

The rapid growth of space-based services has established LEO satellite networks as a promising option for global broadband connectivity. Next-generation LEO networks leverage inter-satellite links (ISLs) to provide faster and more reliable…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Wanja de Sombre , Arash Asadi , Debopam Bhattacherjee , Deepak Vasisht , Andrea Ortiz

As emerging massive constellations are intended to provide seamless connectivity for remote areas using hundreds of small low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, new methodologies have great importance to study the performance of these networks.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Niloofar Okati , Taneli Riihonen

The development of low earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellation fundamentally threatens ground-based optical astronomical observations. To study the photometric properties of the LEO mega-constellations, we used the Xinglong 50 cm telescope to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-11 Hui Zhi , Xiaojun Jiang , Jianfeng Wang

Satellite communications have emerged as one of the most feasible solutions to provide global wireless coverage and connect the unconnected. Starlink dominates the market with over 7,000 operational satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Muhammad Asad Ullah , Antti Heikkinen , Mikko Uitto , Antti Anttonen , Konstantin Mikhaylov
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