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Starlink delivers Internet services to users across terrestrial, maritime, and aviation domains. The prior works have studied its performance at fixed sites and in-motion vehicles, while an in-depth analysis of in-flight performance remains…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Muhammad Asad Ullah , Luca Borgianni , Heikki Kokkinen , Antti Anttonen , Stefano Giordano

Starlink constellations are currently the largest LEO WAN and have seen considerable interest from the research community. In this paper, we use high-frequency and high-fidelity measurements to uncover evidence of hierarchical traffic…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Hammas Bin Tanveer , Mike Puchol , Rachee Singh , Antonio Bianchi , Rishab Nithyanand

The growth of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) broadband satellite megaconstellations is rapidly increasing the number of rocket launches. While improving broadband Internet helps achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), there are also…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-15 Ogutu B. Osoro , Edward J. Oughton , Andrew R. Wilson , Akhil Rao

With the rapid advancement of aerospace technology and the large-scale deployment of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations, the challenges facing astronomical observations and deep space exploration have become increasingly…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-17 Zhixin Guo , Qi Shi , Xiaofan Xu , Sixiang Shan , Limin Qin , Linqiang Ge , Rui Zhang , Ya Dai , Hua Zhu , Guowei Jiang

The emergence of commercial satellite communications networks, such as Starlink and OneWeb, has significantly transformed the communications landscape over the last years. As a complement to terrestrial cellular networks, non-terrestrial…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-13 Alejandro Ramírez-Arroyo , O. S. Peñaherrera-Pulla , Preben Mogensen

Delivering broadband connectivity to unconnected areas is extremely challenging. The emergence of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite systems has been seen as a potential solution for connecting remote areas. Despite the hype around these new…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-25 Osoro B. Ogutu , Edward J. Oughton

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks connect millions of devices on Earth and offer various services, such as data communications, remote sensing, and data harvesting. As the number of services increases, LEO satellite networks will…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Chang-Sik Choi

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are emerging as an essential communication infrastructure, with standardized 5G-based non-terrestrial networks and their integration with terrestrial systems envisioned as a key feature of 6G.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Andreas Casparsen , Jonas Ellegaard Jakobsen , Jimmy Jessen Nielsen , Petar Popovski , Israel Leyva Mayorga

Low Earth Orbit Satellite Networks such as Starlink promise to provide world-wide Internet access. While traditionally designed for stationary use, a new dish, released in April 2023 in Europe, provides mobile Internet access including…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-27 Dominic Laniewski , Eric Lanfer , Simon Beginn , Jan Dunker , Michael Dückers , Nils Aschenbruck

In recent years, the number of satellites in orbit has increased rapidly, with megaconstellations like Starlink providing near-global, delay-sensitive communication services. However, not all satellite communication use cases have stringent…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Ethan Fettes , Pablo G. Madoery , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Gunes Karabulut Kurt , Abhishek Naik , Stéphane Martel

Today's Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks, exemplified by SpaceX's Starlink, play a crucial role in delivering global internet access to millions of users. However, managing the dynamic and expansive nature of these networks poses…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Dara Ron , Faisal Ahmed Yusufzai , Sebastian Kwakye , Satyaki Roy , Nishanth Sastry , Vijay K. Shah

In the era of mega-constellations, the need for accurate and publicly available information has become fundamental for satellite operators to guarantee the safety of spacecrafts and the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) space environment. This study…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-14 Katarina Dyreby , Francisco Caldas , Cláudia Soares

Satellite missions demand ever greater connectivity, especially in the LEO regime. In this paper, we introduce the new mega-constellation services in space paradigm: we show that megaconstellations, deployed to offer innovative services to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-30 G. Maiolini Capez , M. A. Caceres , C. P. Bridges , S. Frey , R. Armellin , R. Garello , P. Bargellini

Multiple low-Earth orbit satellite constellations, aimed at beaming broadband connectivity from space, are currently under active deployment. While such space-based Internet is set to augment, globally, today's terrestrial connectivity, and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Aryan Taneja , Debopam Bhattacherjee , Saikat Guha , Venkata N. Padmanabhan

This paper focuses on 3D localization of transmitting satellites in low Earth orbits (LEO). 3D localization of transmitters in low orbits is an important emerging problem for many applications such as spectrum management, orbit…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Ishani Janveja , Jida Zhang , Emerson Sie , Deepak Vasisht

The May 2024 solar superstorm highlighted the vulnerability of rapidly expanding low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks to severe space weather events. To systematically evaluate LEO network resilience, we introduce an open-source tool,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-27 Suvam Basak , Amitangshu Pal , Debopam Bhattacherjee

The Steward Observatory LEO Satellite Photometric Survey is a comprehensive observational survey to characterize the apparent brightness of the Starlink and OneWeb low Earth orbit satellites and evaluate the potential impact on astronomy.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-27 Harrison Krantz , Eric C. Pearce , Adam Block

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) underpin positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT), yet their low-power signals are easily blocked or disrupted, leaving gaps in PNT availability in contested environments (e.g. maritime settings)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-21 Nisanur Camuzcu , Tiep M. Hoang , Alireza Vahid

We present the largest survey to date characterising intended and unintended emission from Starlink satellites across the SKA-Low frequency range. This survey analyses ~76 million full sky images captured over ~29 days of observing with an…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-23 Dylan Grigg , Steven Tingay , Marcin Sokolowski

Earth observation (EO), aiming at monitoring the state of planet Earth using remote sensing data, is critical for improving our daily lives and living environment. With a growing number of satellites in orbit, an increasing number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Zhitong Xiong , Fahong Zhang , Yi Wang , Yilei Shi , Xiao Xiang Zhu