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Recent work in the field of automatic summarization and headline generation focuses on maximizing ROUGE scores for various news datasets. We present an alternative, extrinsic, evaluation metric for this task, Answering Performance for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Matan Eyal , Tal Baumel , Michael Elhadad

As Automated Essay Scoring (AES) systems are increasingly used in high-stakes educational settings, concerns regarding algorithmic bias against English as a Second Language (ESL) learners have increased. Current Transformer-based regression…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Kevin Fan , Eric Yun

Existing debiasing techniques are typically training-based or require access to the model's internals and output distributions, so they are inaccessible to end-users looking to adapt LLM outputs for their particular needs. In this study, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Shaz Furniturewala , Surgan Jandial , Abhinav Java , Pragyan Banerjee , Simra Shahid , Sumit Bhatia , Kokil Jaidka

Recent studies on semi-supervised semantic segmentation (SSS) have seen fast progress. Despite their promising performance, current state-of-the-art methods tend to increasingly complex designs at the cost of introducing more network…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Zhen Zhao , Lihe Yang , Sifan Long , Jimin Pi , Luping Zhou , Jingdong Wang

This paper presents a novel Automatic Essay Scoring (AES) algorithm tailored for the Portuguese-language essays of Brazil's Exame Nacional do Ensino M\'edio (ENEM), addressing the challenges in traditional human grading systems. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Felipe Akio Matsuoka

End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has advanced significantly yet still struggles with rare and domain-specific entities. This paper introduces a simple yet efficient prompt-based biasing technique for contextualized ASR,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Bo Ren , Yu Shi , Jinyu Li

Event detection (ED) is aimed to identify the key trigger words in unstructured text and predict the event types accordingly. Traditional ED models are too data-hungry to accommodate real applications with scarce labeled data. Besides,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Siyuan Wang , Jianming Zheng , Xuejun Hu , Fei Cai , Chengyu Song , Xueshan Luo

Text Simplification improves the readability of sentences through several rewriting transformations, such as lexical paraphrasing, deletion, and splitting. Current simplification systems are predominantly sequence-to-sequence models that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Mounica Maddela , Fernando Alva-Manchego , Wei Xu

The first automated essay scoring system was developed 50 years ago. Automated essay scoring systems are developing into systems with richer functions than the previous simple scoring systems. Its purpose is not only to score essays but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-13 You-Jin Jong , Yong-Jin Kim , Ok-Chol Ri

Feature extraction from unstructured text is a critical step in many downstream classification pipelines, yet current approaches largely rely on hand-crafted prompts or fixed feature schemas. We formulate feature discovery as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Adrian Cosma , Oleg Szehr , David Kletz , Alessandro Antonucci , Olivier Pelletier

Automatic evaluation of essay (AES) and also called automatic essay scoring has become a severe problem due to the rise of online learning and evaluation platforms such as Coursera, Udemy, Khan academy, and so on. Researchers have recently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Tsegaye Misikir Tashu , Chandresh Kumar Maurya , Tomas Horvath

Large language models (LLMs) have recently reshaped Automated Essay Scoring (AES), yet prior studies typically examine individual techniques in isolation, limiting understanding of their relative merits for English as a Second Language (L2)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Minh Hoang Nguyen , Vu Hoang Pham , Xuan Thanh Huynh , Phuc Hong Mai , Vinh The Nguyen , Quang Nhut Huynh , Huy Tien Nguyen , Tung Le

Assessing soft skills such as empathy, ethical judgment, and communication is essential in competitive selection processes, yet human scoring is often inconsistent and biased. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have improved Automated Essay…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ryan Huynh , Frank Guerin , Alison Callwood

Recent advances in cross-prompt automated essay scoring (AES) typically train models jointly on all source prompts, often requiring additional access to unlabeled target prompt essays simultaneously. However, using all sources is suboptimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Sanwoo Lee , Kun Liang , Yunfang Wu

Boosting is a key method in statistical learning, allowing for converting weak learners into strong ones. While well studied in the realizable case, the statistical properties of weak-to-strong learning remain less understood in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Arthur da Cunha , Mikael Møller Høgsgaard , Andrea Paudice , Yuxin Sun

Event Extraction bridges the gap between text and event signals. Based on the assumption of trigger-argument dependency, existing approaches have achieved state-of-the-art performance with expert-designed templates or complicated decoding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Jinghui Si , Xutan Peng , Chen Li , Haotian Xu , Jianxin Li

Active learning for sentence understanding aims at discovering informative unlabeled data for annotation and therefore reducing the demand for labeled data. We argue that the typical uncertainty sampling method for active learning is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Dongyu Ru , Jiangtao Feng , Lin Qiu , Hao Zhou , Mingxuan Wang , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu , Lei Li

We propose a simple method for post-processing the outputs of a text summarization system in order to refine its overall quality. Our approach is to train text-to-text rewriting models to correct information redundancy errors that may arise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-26 Nikola I. Nikolov , Alessandro Calmanovici , Richard H. R. Hahnloser

Neural based approaches to automatic evaluation of subjective responses have shown superior performance and efficiency compared to traditional rule-based and feature engineering oriented solutions. However, it remains unclear whether the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Brian Cho , Youngbin Jang , Jaewoong Yoon

We introduce EASSE, a Python package aiming to facilitate and standardise automatic evaluation and comparison of Sentence Simplification (SS) systems. EASSE provides a single access point to a broad range of evaluation resources: standard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-16 Fernando Alva-Manchego , Louis Martin , Carolina Scarton , Lucia Specia