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In this paper, we present HOLMES, a system that implements a new approach to the detection of Advanced and Persistent Threats (APTs). HOLMES is inspired by several case studies of real-world APTs that highlight some common goals of APT…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Sadegh M. Milajerdi , Rigel Gjomemo , Birhanu Eshete , R. Sekar , V. N. Venkatakrishnan

In recent years, the adoption of cloud services has been expanding at an unprecedented rate. As more and more organizations migrate or deploy their businesses to the cloud, a multitude of related cybersecurity incidents such as data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Fei Zuo , Junghwan Rhee , Yung Ryn Choe , Chenglong Fu , Xianshan Qu

Pre-trained language models of code are now widely used in various software engineering tasks such as code generation, code completion, vulnerability detection, etc. This, in turn, poses security and reliability risks to these models. One…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Thanh-Dat Nguyen , Yang Zhou , Xuan Bach D. Le , Patanamon Thongtanunam , David Lo

Multi-stage threats like advanced persistent threats (APT) pose severe risks by stealing data and destroying infrastructure, with detection being challenging. APTs use novel attack vectors and evade signature-based detection by obfuscating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Florian Nelles , Abbas Yazdinejad , Ali Dehghantanha , Reza M. Parizi , Gautam Srivastava

Intrusion detection is an arms race; attackers evade intrusion detection systems by developing new attack vectors to sidestep known defense mechanisms. Provenance provides a detailed, structured history of the interactions of digital…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Xueyuan Han , Thomas Pasquier , Margo Seltzer

Advanced persistent threats (APT) combine a variety of different attack forms ranging from social engineering to technical exploits. The diversity and usual stealthiness of APT turns them into a central problem of contemporary practical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Stefan Rass , Sandra König , Stefan Schauer

Recent advances in AI-powered image editing tools have significantly lowered the barrier to image modification, raising pressing security concerns those related to spreading misinformation and disinformation on social platforms. Image…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-27 Keyang Zhang , Chenqi Kong , Shiqi Wang , Anderson Rocha , Haoliang Li

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) infiltrate cyber systems and compromise specifically targeted data and/or resources through a sequence of stealthy attacks consisting of multiple stages. Dynamic information flow tracking has been proposed…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-11-15 Shana Moothedath , Dinuka Sahabandu , Joey Allen , Andrew Clark , Linda Bushnell , Wenke Lee , Radha Poovendran

Cyber deception allows compensating the late response of defenders countermeasures to the ever evolving tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) of attackers. This proactive defense strategy employs decoys resembling legitimate system…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Marco Zambianco , Claudio Facchinetti , Domenico Siracusa

The growing deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in smart cities and industrial environments increases vulnerability to stealthy, multi-stage advanced persistent threats (APTs) that exploit wireless communication. Detection is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Quhura Fathima , Neda Moghim , Mostafa Taghizade Firouzjaee , Christo K. Thomas , Ross Gore , Walid Saad

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) method has emerged as a dominant paradigm for adapting pre-trained GNN models to downstream tasks. However, existing PEFT methods usually exhibit significant vulnerability to various noise and attacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Ziyan Zhang , Bo Jiang , Jin Tang

We present ANUBIS, a highly effective machine learning-based APT detection system. Our design philosophy for ANUBIS involves two principal components. Firstly, we intend ANUBIS to be effectively utilized by cyber-response teams. Therefore,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Md. Monowar Anjum , Shahrear Iqbal , Benoit Hamelin

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are stealthy attacks that threaten the security and privacy of sensitive information. Interactions of APTs with victim system introduce information flows that are recorded in the system logs. Dynamic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-29 Dinuka Sahabandu , Shana Moothedath , Joey Allen , Linda Bushnell , Wenke Lee , Radha Poovendran

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) represent a sophisticated and persistent cy-bersecurity challenge, characterized by stealthy, multi-phase, and targeted attacks aimed at compromising information systems over an extended period.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Bassam Noori Shaker , Bahaa Al-Musawi , Mohammed Falih Hassan

Advanced persistent threats (APTs) have novel features such as multi-stage penetration, highly-tailored intention, and evasive tactics. APTs defense requires fusing multi-dimensional Cyber threat intelligence data to identify attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Gaolei Li , Yuanyuan Zhao , Wenqi Wei , Yuchen Liu

Graph representation learning, a critical step in graph-centric tasks, has seen significant advancements. Earlier techniques often operate in an end-to-end setting, which heavily rely on the availability of ample labeled data. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Xingtong Yu , Yuan Fang , Zemin Liu , Yuxia Wu , Zhihao Wen , Jianyuan Bo , Xinming Zhang , Steven C. H. Hoi

Due to its crucial role in identity and access management in modern enterprise networks, Active Directory (AD) is a top target of Advanced Persistence Threat (APT) actors. Conventional intrusion detection systems (IDS) excel at identifying…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Qi Liu , Kaibin Bao , Wajih Ul Hassan , Veit Hagenmeyer

Network intrusion detection systems play a vital role in protecting networks by detecting malicious network traffic which can then be investigated by a cybersecurity operations centre. State-of-the-art approaches utilise supervised machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jack Wilkie , Hanan Hindy , Christos Tachtatzis , Miroslav Bures , Robert Atkinson

Threat hunting is a proactive methodology for exploring, detecting and mitigating cyberattacks within complex environments. As opposed to conventional detection systems, threat hunting strategies assume adversaries have infiltrated the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Ángel Casanova Bienzobas , Alfonso Sánchez-Macián

Data provenance analysis has been used as an assistive measure for ensuring system integrity. However, such techniques are typically reactive approaches to identify the root cause of an attack in its aftermath. This is in part due to fact…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Shamaria Engram , Tyler Kaczmarek , Alice Lee , David Bigelow