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Lexical normalisation (LN) is the process of correcting each word in a dataset to its canonical form so that it may be more easily and more accurately analysed. Most lexical normalisation systems operate at the character-level, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Michael Stewart , Wei Liu , Rachel Cardell-Oliver

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has created an urgent need to distinguish between human-written and LLM-generated text to ensure authenticity and societal trust. Existing detectors typically provide a binary classification for an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Mengchu Li , Jin Zhu , Jinglai Li , Chengchun Shi

Developing prompt-based methods with Large Language Models (LLMs) requires making numerous decisions, which give rise to a combinatorial search problem over hyper-parameters. This exhaustive evaluation can be time-consuming and costly. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Jin Peng Zhou , Christian K. Belardi , Ruihan Wu , Travis Zhang , Carla P. Gomes , Wen Sun , Kilian Q. Weinberger

Despite the impressive adaptability of large language models (LLMs), challenges remain in ensuring their security, transparency, and interpretability. Given their susceptibility to adversarial attacks, LLMs need to be defended with an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Tomas Bueno Momcilovic , Beat Buesser , Giulio Zizzo , Mark Purcell , Dian Balta

Recent Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive translation performance without requiring fine-tuning on additional parallel corpora. However, they still face significant challenges in certain scenarios, particularly when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Seung-Woo Choi , Ga-Hyun Yoo , Jay-Yoon Lee

Existing low-rank adaptation (LoRA) methods face challenges on sparse large language models (LLMs) due to the inability to maintain sparsity. Recent works introduced methods that maintain sparsity by augmenting LoRA techniques with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Yuxuan Hu , Jing Zhang , Xiaodong Chen , Zhe Zhao , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen

This paper focuses on jailbreaking attacks against large language models (LLMs), eliciting them to generate objectionable content in response to harmful user queries. Unlike previous LLM-jailbreak methods that directly orient to LLMs, our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Haoxuan Ji , Zheng Lin , Zhenxing Niu , Xinbo Gao , Gang Hua

Systematic reviews are crucial for synthesizing scientific evidence but remain labor-intensive, especially when extracting detailed methodological information. Large language models (LLMs) offer potential for automating methodological…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Wenqing Zhang , Trang Nguyen , Elizabeth A. Stuart , Yiqun T. Chen

The rapid expansion of research on Large Language Model (LLM) safety and robustness has produced a fragmented and oftentimes buggy ecosystem of implementations, datasets, and evaluation methods. This fragmentation makes reproducibility and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Tim Beyer , Jonas Dornbusch , Jakob Steimle , Moritz Ladenburger , Leo Schwinn , Stephan Günnemann

Neural language models (LMs) have been extensively trained on vast corpora to store factual knowledge about various aspects of the world described in texts. Current technologies typically employ knowledge editing methods or specific prompts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Yuchen Cai , Ding Cao , Rongxi Guo , Yaqin Wen , Guiquan Liu , Enhong Chen

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant promise as agents in interactive tasks, their substantial computational requirements and restricted number of calls constrain their practical utility, especially in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Maryam Hashemzadeh , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Sarath Chandar , Marc-Alexandre Cote

Text Simplification improves the readability of sentences through several rewriting transformations, such as lexical paraphrasing, deletion, and splitting. Current simplification systems are predominantly sequence-to-sequence models that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Mounica Maddela , Fernando Alva-Manchego , Wei Xu

Despite the great success of Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs), their high computational cost severely limits their broad applications. The computational cost of LVLMs mainly stems from the visual sequence of the input, which consists of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Mingyu Fu , Wei Suo , Ji Ma , Lin Yuanbo Wu , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) require continuous updates to maintain accurate and current knowledge as the world evolves. While existing knowledge editing approaches offer various solutions for knowledge updating, they often struggle with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Zichuan Fu , Xian Wu , Guojing Li , Yingying Zhang , Yefeng Zheng , Tianshi Ming , Yejing Wang , Wanyu Wang , Xiangyu Zhao

Text animation, a foundational element in video creation, enables efficient and cost-effective communication, thriving in advertisements, journalism, and social media. However, traditional animation workflows present significant usability…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Bao Zhang , Zihan Li , Zhenglei Liu , Huanchen Wang , Yuxin Ma

While current Automated Essay Scoring (AES) methods demonstrate high scoring agreement with human raters, their decision-making mechanisms are not fully understood. Our proposed method, using counterfactual intervention assisted by Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yupei Wang , Renfen Hu , Zhe Zhao

Language models (LMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in NLP, yet adapting them efficiently and robustly to specific tasks remains challenging. As their scale and complexity grow, fine-tuning LMs on labelled data often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Zhengyan Shi

Currently, learning better unsupervised sentence representations is the pursuit of many natural language processing communities. Lots of approaches based on pre-trained language models (PLMs) and contrastive learning have achieved promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Nuo Chen , Linjun Shou , Ming Gong , Jian Pei , Bowen Cao , Jianhui Chang , Daxin Jiang , Jia Li

The impressive performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various natural language processing tasks comes at the cost of vast computational resources and storage requirements. One-shot pruning techniques offer a way to alleviate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Xiang Meng , Kayhan Behdin , Haoyue Wang , Rahul Mazumder

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable generalization capabilities across tasks and languages, revolutionizing natural language processing. This paper investigates the naturally emerging representation alignment in LLMs,…