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Designing socially optimal policies in multi-agent environments is a fundamental challenge in both economics and artificial intelligence. This paper studies a general framework for learning Stackelberg equilibria in dynamic and uncertain…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-23 Jun He , Andrew L. Liu , Yihsu Chen

The hierarchical interaction between the actor and critic in actor-critic based reinforcement learning algorithms naturally lends itself to a game-theoretic interpretation. We adopt this viewpoint and model the actor and critic interaction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Liyuan Zheng , Tanner Fiez , Zane Alumbaugh , Benjamin Chasnov , Lillian J. Ratliff

Dynamic game theory is a powerful tool in modeling multi-agent interactions and human-robot systems. In practice, since the objective functions of both agents may not be explicitly known to each other, these interactions can be modeled as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Seyed Yousef Soltanian , Wenlong Zhang

Personality assessment in career guidance and personnel selection traditionally relies on self-report questionnaires, which are susceptible to response bias, fatigue, and intentional distortion. Game-based assessment offers a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Soroush Elyasi , Arya VarastehNezhad , Fattaneh Taghiyareh

Interactive multi-agent simulation algorithms are used to compute the trajectories and behaviors of different entities in virtual reality scenarios. However, current methods involve considerable parameter tweaking to generate plausible…

Graphics · Computer Science 2018-12-04 Jiaping Ren , Wei Xiang , Yangxi Xiao , Ruigang Yang , Dinesh Manocha , Xiaogang Jin

Ensuring safe, robust, and scalable motion planning for multi-agent systems in dynamic and uncertain environments is a persistent challenge, driven by complex inter-agent interactions, stochastic disturbances, and model uncertainties. To…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Wenbin Mai , Minghui Liwang , Xinlei Yi , Xiaoyu Xia , Seyyedali Hosseinalipour , Xianbin Wang

Stochastic games have become a prevalent framework for studying long-term multi-agent interactions, especially in the context of multi-agent reinforcement learning. In this work, we comprehensively investigate the concept of constant-memory…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Fengming Zhu , Fangzhen Lin

There are currently two main paradigms for evaluating large language models (LLMs), reference-based evaluation and preference-based evaluation. The first, carried over from the evaluation of machine learning models in general, relies on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 David Schlangen , Sherzod Hakimov , Chalamalasetti Kranti , Jonathan Jordan , Philipp Sadler

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated notable capabilities across various tasks, showcasing complex problem-solving abilities. Understanding and executing complex rules, along with multi-step planning, are fundamental to logical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jiayi Gui , Yiming Liu , Jiale Cheng , Xiaotao Gu , Xiao Liu , Hongning Wang , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang , Minlie Huang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used both to make decisions in domains such as health, education and law, and to simulate human behavior. Yet how closely LLMs mirror actual human decision-making remains poorly understood. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Andrea Cera Palatsi , Samuel Martin-Gutierrez , Ana S. Cardenal , Max Pellert

We address the challenge of reliable and efficient interaction in autonomous multi-agent systems, where agents must balance long-term strategic objectives with short-term dynamic adaptation. We propose context-triggered contingency games, a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Kilian Schweppe , Anne-Kathrin Schmuck

Zero-sum games have long guided artificial intelligence research, since they possess both a rich strategy space of best-responses and a clear evaluation metric. What's more, competition is a vital mechanism in many real-world multi-agent…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Edward Hughes , Thomas W. Anthony , Tom Eccles , Joel Z. Leibo , David Balduzzi , Yoram Bachrach

We present an inverse dynamic game-based algorithm to learn parametric constraints from a given dataset of local Nash equilibrium interactions between multiple agents. Specifically, we introduce mixed-integer linear programs (MILP) encoding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Zhouyu Zhang , Chih-Yuan Chiu , Glen Chou

Driven by recent successes in two-player, zero-sum game solving and playing, artificial intelligence work on games has increasingly focused on algorithms that produce equilibrium-based strategies. However, this approach has been less…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Dustin Morrill , Ryan D'Orazio , Reca Sarfati , Marc Lanctot , James R. Wright , Amy Greenwald , Michael Bowling

Existing game-theoretic planning methods assume that the robot knows the objective functions of the other agents a priori while, in practical scenarios, this is rarely the case. This paper introduces LUCIDGames, an inverse optimal control…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Simon Le Cleac'h , Mac Schwager , Zachary Manchester

This paper presents an optimization framework to model Formula 1 racing dynamics, where multiple cars interact physically and strategically. Aerodynamic wake effects, trajectory optimization, and energy management are integrated by means of…

Planning under social interactions with other agents is an essential problem for autonomous driving. As the actions of the autonomous vehicle in the interactions affect and are also affected by other agents, autonomous vehicles need to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Chenran Li , Tu Trinh , Letian Wang , Changliu Liu , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Wei Zhan

Multi-agent systems built from teams of large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed for collaborative scientific reasoning and problem-solving. These systems require agents to coordinate under shared constraints, such as GPUs or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Shivani Kumar , Adarsh Bharathwaj , David Jurgens

We propose a game-theoretic framework for adaptive multi-agent intelligent systems. Unlike classical game theory, which often treats strategies as primitive objects chosen by perfectly rational agents, the proposed framework provides a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhe Sage Chen , Quanyan Zhu

Manufacturing planners face complex operational challenges that require seamless collaboration between human expertise and intelligent systems to achieve optimal performance in modern production environments. Traditional approaches to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Himabindu Thogaru , Saisubramaniam Gopalakrishnan , Zishan Ahmad , Anirudh Deodhar