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Related papers: Beyond Diagonal RIS: Key to Next-Generation Integr…

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Recently, beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has emerged as a more flexible solution to engineer the wireless propagation channels, thanks to its non-diagonal reflecting matrix. Although the gain of the BD-RIS over…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-18 Xiaoqi Zhang , Liang Liu , Shuowen Zhang , Haijun Zhang

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a promising technology for future wireless communication systems. Conventional RIS is constrained to a diagonal scattering matrix, which limits its flexibility. Recently, beyond-diagonal RIS…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Zheyu Wu , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

Written by its inventors, this first tutorial on Beyond-Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (BD-RISs) provides the readers with the basics and fundamental tools necessary to appreciate, understand, and contribute to this emerging…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Hongyu Li , Matteo Nerini , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

We present the first experimental prototype of a reflective beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS), i.e., a RIS with reconfigurable inter-element connections. Our BD-RIS consists of an antenna array whose ports are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-20 Jean Tapie , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx , Philipp del Hougne

Radio frequency (RF) wireless power transfer (WPT) is promising for promoting sustainability in future wireless systems, but its low end-to-end power transfer efficiency is a critical challenge. For this, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-06 Amirhossein Azarbahram , Onel L. A. López , Bruno Clerckx , Marco Di Renzo , Matti Latva-aho

Integrating BD-RIS into wireless communications systems has attracted significant interest due to its transformative potential in enhancing system performance. This survey provides a comprehensive analysis of BD-RIS technology, examining…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Omar Maraqa , Majid H. Khoshafa , Olutayo O. Oyerinde , Telex M. N. Ngatched

This letter considers a beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) aided integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system, where the BD-RIS can help a multi-antenna base station (BS) serve multiple user equipments (UEs)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-18 Xiaoqi Zhang , Liang Liu , Shuowen Zhang , Weifeng Zhu , Haijun Zhang

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) have emerged as a transformative technology in wireless communications, offering unprecedented control over signal propagation. This study focuses on passive beyond diagonal reconfigurable…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-10 Ainna Yue Moreno-Locubiche , Josep Vidal

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) is regarded as a key enabler of wave/analog-domain beamforming, processing, and computing in future wireless communication systems. Recently, Beyond Diagonal RIS (BD-RIS) has been proposed as a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Zheyu Wu , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs), originally in the passive form, have attracted attention due to their benefits in enhanced wave manipulating through flexible inter-element connections and element arrangements.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-16 Fu Liu , Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) are an emerging RIS 2.0 technology for future wireless communication. However, BD-RISs are primarily passive without active amplification, suffering from severe multiplicative…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Shanpu Shen , Hongyu Li , Matteo Nerini , Qingqing Wu , Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) allow controlling the propagation environment in wireless networks by tuning multiple reflecting elements. RISs have been traditionally realized through single connected architectures,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Matteo Nerini , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

This paper presents a new integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) framework, leveraging the recent advancements of reconfigurable distributed antenna and reflecting surface (RDARS). RDARS is a programmable surface structure comprising…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Pingping Zhang , Jintao Wang , Yulin Shao , Shaodan Ma

Recently, beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has been proposed to generalize conventional RIS. BD-RIS has a scattering matrix that is not restricted to being diagonal and thus brings a performance improvement over…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Matteo Nerini , Shanpu Shen , Hongyu Li , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has emerged as an advancement and generalization of the conventional diagonal RIS (D-RIS) by introducing tunable interconnections between RIS elements, enabling smarter wave…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-10 Yiyang Peng , Hongyu Li , Zheyu Wu , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) is a novel branch of RIS which breaks through the limitation of traditional RIS with diagonal scattering matrices. However, the existing research focuses on BD-RIS with fixed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-21 Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) can improve the capacity of wireless communication links by passively beamforming the impinging signals in desired directions. This feature has been demonstrated both analytically and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-23 Emil Björnson , Özlem Tuğfe Demir

A beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) is an innovative type of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) that has recently been proposed and is considered a revolutionary advancement in wave manipulation. Unlike the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Abd Ullah Khan , Uman Khalid , Trung Q. Duong , Hyundong Shin

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS), which enables advanced wave control through interconnection of RIS elements, are gaining growing recognition as a promising technology for 6G and beyond. However, the enhanced…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-30 Xiaohua Zhou , Tianyu Fang , Yijie Mao , Bruno Clerckx

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is recognized as a promising technology with great potential in saving hardware and spectrum resources, since it simultaneously realizes radar detection and user communication functions in the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-22 Qi Zhu , Ming Li , Rang Liu , Qian Liu