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Virtual reality (VR), while enhancing user experiences, introduces significant privacy risks. This paper reveals a novel vulnerability in VR systems that allows attackers to capture VR privacy through obstacles utilizing millimeter-wave…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Luoyu Mei , Ruofeng Liu , Zhimeng Yin , Qingchuan Zhao , Wenchao Jiang , Shuai Wang , Kangjie Lu , Tian He

Commercial Virtual Reality (VR) transforms people's virtual experiences but introduces deceptive design opportunities that threaten user privacy. Although privacy deceptive patterns on 2D platforms are well-documented, their impacts in VR…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hilda Hadan , Michaela Valiquette , Lennart E. Nacke , Leah Zhang-Kennedy

Fifty study participants playtested an innocent-looking "escape room" game in virtual reality (VR). Within just a few minutes, an adversarial program had accurately inferred over 25 of their personal data attributes, from anthropometrics…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Vivek Nair , Gonzalo Munilla Garrido , Dawn Song , James F. O'Brien

Virtual Reality (VR) has witnessed a rising issue of harassment, prompting the integration of safety controls like muting and blocking in VR applications. However, the lack of standardized safety measures across VR applications hinders…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Abhinaya S. B. , Aafaq Sabir , Anupam Das

Virtual Reality (VR) is an exciting new consumer technology which offers an immersive audio-visual experience to users through which they can navigate and interact with a digitally represented 3D space (i.e., a virtual world) using a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Mohd Sabra , Nisha Vinayaga Sureshkanth , Ari Sharma , Anindya Maiti , Murtuza Jadliwala

In recent years, VR and AR has exploded into a multimillionaire market. As this emerging technology has spread to a variety of businesses and is rapidly increasing among users. It is critical to address potential privacy and security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Parth Dipakkumar Patel , Prem Trivedi

The rise of Virtual Reality (VR) has provided developers with an unprecedented platform for creating games and applications (apps) that require distinct inputs, different from those of conventional devices like smartphones. The Meta Quest…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-19 John Y. Kim , Chaoshun Zuo , Yanjie Zhao , Zhiqiang Lin

The latest developments in computer hardware, sensor technologies, and artificial intelligence can make virtual reality (VR) and virtual spaces an important part of human everyday life. Eye tracking offers not only a hands-free way of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Efe Bozkir , Süleyman Özdel , Mengdi Wang , Brendan David-John , Hong Gao , Kevin Butler , Eakta Jain , Enkelejda Kasneci

The metaverse is a nascent concept that envisions a virtual universe, a collaborative space where individuals can interact, create, and participate in a wide range of activities. Privacy in the metaverse is a critical concern as the concept…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Mahdi Alkaeed , Adnan Qayyum , Junaid Qadir

Motion tracking "telemetry" data lies at the core of nearly all modern virtual reality (VR) and metaverse experiences. While generally presumed innocuous, recent studies have demonstrated that motion data actually has the potential to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Vivek Nair , Christian Rack , Wenbo Guo , Rui Wang , Shuixian Li , Brandon Huang , Atticus Cull , James F. O'Brien , Marc Latoschik , Louis Rosenberg , Dawn Song

Over the past decade, AR/VR devices have drastically changed how we interact with the digital world. Users often share sensitive information, such as their location, browsing history, and even financial data, within third-party apps…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Seonghun Son , Chandrika Mukherjee , Reham Mohamed Aburas , Berk Gulmezoglu , Z. Berkay Celik

Virtual Reality (VR) technology has gained substantial traction and has the potential to transform a number of industries, including education, entertainment, and professional sectors. Nevertheless, concerns have arisen about the security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Sheikh Samit Muhaimin , Spyridon Mastorakis

Virtual Reality (VR) has gained popularity by providing immersive and interactive experiences without geographical limitations. It also provides a sense of personal privacy through physical separation. In this paper, we show that despite…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Zhuolin Yang , Zain Sarwar , Iris Hwang , Ronik Bhaskar , Ben Y. Zhao , Haitao Zheng

Current Virtual Reality (VR) input devices make it possible to navigate a virtual environment and record immersive, personalized data regarding the user's movement and specific behavioral habits, which brings the question of the user's…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Aryabrata Basu , Mohammad Jahed Murad Sunny , Jayasri Sai Nikitha Guthula

Mobile Augmented Reality (AR) applications leverage various sensors to provide immersive user experiences. However, their reliance on diverse data sources introduces significant privacy challenges. This paper investigates user perceptions…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Viktorija Paneva , Verena Winterhalter , Franziska Augustinowski , Florian Alt

The "metaverse", wherein users can enter virtual worlds to work, study, play, shop, socialize, and entertain, is fast becoming a reality, attracting billions of dollars in investment from companies such as Meta, Microsoft, and Clipo Labs.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Minzhao Lyu , Rahul Dev Tripathi , Vijay Sivaraman

As Virtual Reality (VR) applications grow in popularity, they have bridged distances and brought users closer together. However, with this growth, there have been increasing concerns about security and privacy, especially related to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Zihao Su , Kunlin Cai , Reuben Beeler , Lukas Dresel , Allan Garcia , Ilya Grishchenko , Yuan Tian , Christopher Kruegel , Giovanni Vigna

Third-party security apps are an integral part of the Android app ecosystem. Many users install them as an extra layer of protection for their devices. There are hundreds of such security apps, both free and paid in Google Play Store and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Weixian Yao , Yexuan Li , Weiye Lin , Tianhui Hu , Imran Chowdhury , Rahat Masood , Suranga Seneviratne

There is a growing need for authentication methodology in virtual reality applications. Current systems assume that the immersive experience technology is a collection of peripheral devices connected to a personal computer or mobile device.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Karthik Viswanathan , Abbas Yazdinejad

Software testing is a critical activity to ensure that software complies with its specification. However, current software testing activities tend not to be completely effective when applied in specific software domains in Virtual Reality…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-21 Stevao A. Andrade , Fatima L. S. Nunes , Marcio E. Delamaro