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Automata over infinite words, also known as omega-automata, play a key role in the verification and synthesis of reactive systems. The spectrum of omega-automata is defined by two characteristics: the acceptance condition (e.g. B\"uchi or…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Rayna Dimitrova , Bernd Finkbeiner , Hazem Torfah

We consider a computational model which is known as set automata. The set automata are one-way finite automata with an additional storage---the set. There are two kinds of set automata---the deterministic and the nondeterministic ones. We…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-30 Alexander A. Rubtsov , Mikhail N. Vyalyi

In this paper, we present a proof of the NP-completeness of computing the smallest Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA) that distinguishes two given regular languages as DFAs. A distinguishing DFA is an automaton that recognizes a language…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Jan Martens

Most slowly synchronizing automata over binary alphabets are circular, i.e., containing a letter permuting the states in a single cycle, and their set of synchronizing words has maximal state complexity, which also implies complete…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Stefan Hoffmann

Families of deterministic finite automata (FDFA) represent regular $\omega$-languages through their ultimately periodic words (UP-words). An FDFA accepts pairs of words, where the first component corresponds to a prefix of the UP-word, and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-17 León Bohn , Yong Li , Christof Löding , Sven Schewe

An automaton is partially ordered if the only cycles in its transition diagram are self-loops. The expressivity of partially ordered NFAs (poNFAs) can be characterized by the Straubing-Th\'erien hierarchy. Level 3/2 is recognized by poNFAs,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-04-27 Tomáš Masopust , Markus Krötzsch

One of the most fundamental problems in computational learning theory is the the problem of learning a finite automaton $A$ consistent with a finite set $P$ of positive examples and with a finite set $N$ of negative examples. By…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Jonas Lingg , Mateus de Oliveira Oliveira , Petra Wolf

Usually, probabilistic automata and probabilistic grammars have crisp symbols as inputs, which can be viewed as the formal models of computing with values. In this paper, we first introduce probabilistic automata and probabilistic grammars…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Yongzhi Cao , Lirong Xia , Mingsheng Ying

We establish an assume-guarantee (AG) framework for compositional reasoning about multi-objective queries in parametric probabilistic automata (pPA) - an extension to probabilistic automata (PA), where transition probabilities are functions…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Hannah Mertens , Tim Quatmann , Joost-Pieter Katoen

In the field of computational logic, two classes of finite automata are considered fundamental: deterministic and nondeterministic automata (DFAs and NFAs). In a more fine-grained approach three natural intermediate classes were introduced,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Karolina Drabik , Anita Dürr , Fabian Frei , Filip Mazowiecki , Karol Węgrzycki

A process algebra is proposed, whose semantics maps a term to a nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA, for short). We prove a representability theorem: for each NFA $N$, there exists a process algebraic term $p$ such that its semantics is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Roberto Gorrieri

Some high-dimensional data.sets can be modelled by assuming that there are many different linear constraints, each of which is Frequently Approximately Satisfied (FAS) by the data. The probability of a data vector under the model is then…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-01-14 Geoffrey E. Hinton , Yee Whye Teh

It was conjectured by \v{C}ern\'y in 1964, that a synchronizing DFA on $n$ states always has a synchronizing word of length at most $(n-1)^2$, and he gave a sequence of DFAs for which this bound is reached. Until now a full analysis of all…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Michiel de Bondt , Henk Don , Hans Zantema

We introduce a new measure on regular languages: their nondeterministic syntactic complexity. It is the least degree of any extension of the `canonical boolean representation' of the syntactic monoid. Equivalently, it is the least number of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Robert Myers , Stefan Milius , Henning Urbat

Probabilistic pushdown automata (pPDA) are a standard model for discrete probabilistic programs with procedures and recursion. In pPDA, many quantitative properties are characterized as least fixpoints of polynomial equation systems. In…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Tobias Winkler , Joost-Pieter Katoen

A quantum finite-state automaton (QFA) is a theoretical model designed to simulate the evolution of a quantum system with finite memory in response to sequential input strings. We define the language of a QFA as the set of strings that lead…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 SeungYeop Baik , Sicheol Sung , Yo-Sub Han

This paper concerns $\mu$-limit sets of cellular automata: sets of configurations made of words whose probability to appear does not vanish with time, starting from an initial $\mu$-random configuration. More precisely, we investigate the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-06-23 Laurent Boyer , Martin Delacourt , Victor Poupet , Mathieu Sablik , Guillaume Theyssier

Previously, self-verifying symmetric difference automata were defined and a tight bound of 2^n-1-1 was shown for state complexity in the unary case. We now consider the non-unary case and show that, for every n at least 2, there is a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-08-23 Laurette Marais , Lynette van Zijl

Let $NFA_b(q)$ denote the set of languages accepted by nondeterministic finite automata with $q$ states over an alphabet with $b$ letters. Let $B_n$ denote the set of words of length $n$. We give a quadratic lower bound on the VC dimension…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Bjørn Kjos-Hanssen , Clyde James Felix , Sun Young Kim , Ethan Lamb , Davin Takahashi

We study the optimization version of constraint satisfaction problems (Max-CSPs) in the framework of parameterized complexity; the goal is to compute the maximum fraction of constraints that can be satisfied simultaneously. In standard…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Holger Dell , Eun Jung Kim , Michael Lampis , Valia Mitsou , Tobias Mömke
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