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Large Language Models (LLMs) have been successful in mathematical reasoning tasks such as formal theorem proving when integrated with interactive proof assistants like Lean. Existing approaches involve training or fine-tuning an LLM on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Adarsh Kumarappan , Mo Tiwari , Peiyang Song , Robert Joseph George , Chaowei Xiao , Anima Anandkumar

Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT are foundational in various applications due to their extensive knowledge from pre-training and fine-tuning. Despite this, they are prone to generating factual and commonsense errors, raising…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Wenxuan Wang , Yuk-Kit Chan , Zixuan Ling , Juluan Shi , Youliang Yuan , Jen-tse Huang , Yifei Zhang , Wenxiang Jiao , Zhaopeng Tu , Michael R. Lyu

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as versatile tools in various daily applications. However, they are fraught with issues that undermine their utility and trustworthiness. These include the incorporation of erroneous references…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Dongyub Lee , Taesun Whang , Chanhee Lee , Heuiseok Lim

Evaluation of large language model (LLM) outputs requires users to make critical judgments about the best outputs across various configurations. This process is costly and takes time given the large amounts of data. LLMs are increasingly…

Large Language Models (LLMs) like the GPT and LLaMA families have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in capturing and condensing critical contextual information and achieving state-of-the-art performance in the summarization task.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Prakamya Mishra , Zonghai Yao , Shuwei Chen , Beining Wang , Rohan Mittal , Hong Yu

Reliable evaluation is essential in machine learning research, yet methodological flaws-particularly data leakage-continue to undermine the validity of reported results. In this work, we investigate whether large language models (LLMs) can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Domonkos Varga

Large Language Models (LLMs) can enhance their capabilities as AI assistants by integrating external tools, allowing them to access a wider range of information. While recent LLMs are typically fine-tuned with tool usage examples during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Jie He , Jennifer Neville , Mengting Wan , Longqi Yang , Hui Liu , Xiaofeng Xu , Xia Song , Jeff Z. Pan , Pei Zhou

Systematic reviews are crucial for synthesizing scientific evidence but remain labor-intensive, especially when extracting detailed methodological information. Large language models (LLMs) offer potential for automating methodological…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Wenqing Zhang , Trang Nguyen , Elizabeth A. Stuart , Yiqun T. Chen

Conducting literature reviews for scientific papers is essential for understanding research, its limitations, and building on existing work. It is a tedious task which makes an automatic literature review generator appealing. Unfortunately,…

How retrieved documents are used in language models (LMs) for long-form generation task is understudied. We present two controlled studies on retrieval-augmented LM for long-form question answering (LFQA): one fixing the LM and varying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Hung-Ting Chen , Fangyuan Xu , Shane Arora , Eunsol Choi

Neural abstractive summarization models are prone to generate summaries which are factually inconsistent with their source documents. Previous work has introduced the task of recognizing such factual inconsistency as a downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Prasetya Ajie Utama , Joshua Bambrick , Nafise Sadat Moosavi , Iryna Gurevych

Online disinformation poses a global challenge, placing significant demands on fact-checkers who must verify claims efficiently to prevent the spread of false information. A major issue in this process is the redundant verification of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Ivan Vykopal , Martin Hyben , Robert Moro , Michal Gregor , Jakub Simko

Large Language Models (LLMs) generate responses to questions; however, their effectiveness is often hindered by sub-optimal quality of answers and occasional failures to provide accurate responses to questions. To address these challenges,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Liang Zhang , Katherine Jijo , Spurthi Setty , Eden Chung , Fatima Javid , Natan Vidra , Tommy Clifford

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming scholarly tasks like search and summarization, but their reliability remains uncertain. Current evaluation metrics for testing LLM reliability are primarily automated approaches that prioritize…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Anna Martin-Boyle , William Humphreys , Martha Brown , Cara Leckey , Harmanpreet Kaur

Professionals in academia, law, and finance audit their documents because inconsistencies can result in monetary, reputational, and scientific costs. Language models (LMs) have the potential to dramatically speed up this auditing process.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Charles J. Lovering , Seth Ebner , Brandon Smock , Michael Krumdick , Saad Rabbani , Ahmed Muhammad , Varshini Reddy , Chris Tanner

Automated fact-checking has been a challenging task for the research community. Prior work has explored various strategies, such as end-to-end training, retrieval-augmented generation, and prompt engineering, to build robust fact-checking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Gaurav Kumar , Ayush Garg , Debajyoti Mazumder , Aditya Kishore , Babu kumar , Jasabanta Patro

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful framework to improve factuality in large language models (LLMs) by grounding their outputs in retrieved documents. However, ensuring perfect retrieval of relevant information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Zhan Peng Lee , Andre Lin , Calvin Tan

Large Language Models tend to struggle when dealing with specialized domains. While all aspects of evaluation hold importance, factuality is the most critical one. Similarly, reliable fact-checking tools and data sources are essential for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Anum Afzal , Juraj Vladika , Florian Matthes

Existing benchmarks for evaluating mathematical reasoning in large language models (LLMs) rely primarily on competition problems, formal proofs, or artificially challenging questions -- failing to capture the nature of mathematics…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jie Zhang , Cezara Petrui , Kristina Nikolić , Florian Tramèr

The fluency and creativity of large pre-trained language models (LLMs) have led to their widespread use, sometimes even as a replacement for traditional search engines. Yet language models are prone to making convincing but factually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Katherine Tian , Eric Mitchell , Huaxiu Yao , Christopher D. Manning , Chelsea Finn
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