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Low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems that use millimeter-wave frequencies rely on large antenna arrays with hybrid analog-digital architectures for rapid beam steering. LEO satellites are only visible from the ground for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-03 Anders Malthe Westerkam , Amélia Struyf , Dimitri Lederer , Troels Pedersen , François Quitin

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation-enabled communication networks are expected to be an important part of many Internet of Things (IoT) deployments due to their unique advantage of providing seamless global coverage. In this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Keke Ying , Zhen Gao , Sheng Chen , Mingyu Zhou , Dezhi Zheng , Symeon Chatzinotas , Björn Ottersten , H. Vincent Poor

Satellite networks with dense low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations rely on aggressive spectrum reuse, making co-channel interference a dominant and rapidly varying factor that limits link availability and complicates spectrum sharing and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xiucheng Wang , Nan Cheng , Zhisheng Yin , Conghao Zhou , Ruijin Sun

Phased arrays, commonly used in IEEE 802.11ad and 5G radios, are capable of focusing radio frequency signals in a specific direction or a spatial region. Beamforming achieves such directional or spatial concentration of signals and enables…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-30 Nitin Jonathan Myers , Robert W. Heath

The broadcast characteristics of sixth-generation (6G) low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite communications raise serious security issues. Movable antenna (MA) technology offers a promising physical layer security (PLS) solution by flexibly…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Suhong Luo , Pan Tang , Jianhua Zhang , Ji Wang , Yixuan Li , Zihang Ding , Xingwang Li

We consider in this paper a new intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided LEO satellite communication system, by utilizing the controllable phase shifts of massive passive reflecting elements to achieve flexible beamforming, which copes…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Beixiong Zheng , Shaoe Lin , Rui Zhang

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems have gained increasing attention as a crucial supplement to terrestrial wireless networks due to their extensive coverage area. This letter presents a novel system design for LEO…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Shining Lin , Jiancheng An , Lu Gan , Mérouane Debbah , Chau Yuen

The integration of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) with Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations into 5G and Beyond is essential to achieve truly global connectivity. A distinctive characteristic of LEO mega constellations is that…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Fabio Saggese , Lintao Li , Petar Popovski

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation is capable of providing global coverage area with high-rate services in the next sixth-generation (6G) non-terrestrial network (NTN). Due to limited onboard resources of operating power, beams,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Li-Hsiang Shen , Yun Ho , Kai-Ten Feng , Lie-Liang Yang , Sau-Hsuan Wu , Jen-Ming Wu

In this paper, we consider a cooperative communication network where multiple low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites provide services to multiple ground users (GUs) cooperatively at the same time and on the same frequency. The multi-satellite…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Xuan Zhang , Shu Sun , Meixia Tao , Qin Huang , Xiaohu Tang

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite-to-handheld connections herald a new era in satellite communications. Space-Division Multiple Access (SDMA) precoding is a method that mitigates interference among satellite beams, boosting spectral…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-27 Alea Schröder , Steffen Gracla , Maik Röper , Dirk Wübben , Carsten Bockelmann , Armin Dekorsy

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite mega-constellations with hundreds or thousands of satellites and inter-satellite links (ISLs) have the potential to provide global end-to-end connectivity. Furthermore, if the physical distance between source…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Rasmus Sibbern Frederiksen , Thomas Gundgaard Mulvad , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Tatiana Kozlova Madsen , Federico Chiariotti

In this paper, we propose scalable distributed beamforming schemes over low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks that rely solely on statistical channel state information for downlink orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. We…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-28 Yuchen Zhang , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

The next frontier towards truly ubiquitous connectivity is the use of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) small-satellite constellations to support 5G and Beyond-5G (B5G) networks. Besides enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and massive machine-type…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Beatriz Soret , Maik Röper , Dirk Wübben , Bho Matthiesen , Armin Dekorsy , Petar Popovski

In this letter, we study an active reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) assisted Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communications under non-line-of-sight (NLoS) scenarios, where the active RIS is deployed to create visual line-of-sight…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-26 Ziwei Liu , Junyan He , Shanshan Zhao , Meng Hua , Bin Lyu , Xinjie Zhao , Gengxin Zhang

With numerous ongoing deployments owned by private companies and startups, dense satellite constellations deployed in low Earth orbit (LEO) will play a major role in the near future of wireless communications. In addition, the 3rd…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Beatriz Soret , Petar Popovski

The coming extension of cellular technology to base-stations in low-earth orbit (LEO) requires a fresh look at terrestrial 3GPP channel models. Relative to such models, sky-to-ground cellular channels will exhibit less diffraction, deeper…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-30 Eunsun Kim , Ian P. Roberts , Peter A. Iannucci , Jeffrey G. Andrews

In this paper, the routing in massive low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks is studied. When the satellite-to-satellite communication distance is limited, we choose different relay satellites to minimize the latency in a constellation at…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Ruibo Wang , Mustafa A. Kishk , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

The radio sky at lower frequencies, particularly below 20 MHz, is expected to be a combination of increasingly bright non-thermal emission and significant absorption from intervening thermal plasma. The sky maps at these frequencies cannot…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-01 Akhil Jaini , Avinash A. Deshpande , Sainath Bitragunta

Aiming to achieve ubiquitous global connectivity and target detection on the same platform with improved spectral/energy efficiency and reduced onboard hardware cost, low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems capable of simultaneously…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Juha Park , Jaehyup Seong , Jaehak Ryu , Yijie Mao , Wonjae Shin