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Experimental testing is vital in the optimization of web applications, and as such A/B testing has been widely adopted as a methodology for determining optimal content for many web applications. While some testing platforms provide…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-04 Ian E. Fellows

In this paper, we examine the biases that arise when firms run A/B tests on continuous parameters to estimate global treatment effects on performance metrics of interest; we particularly focus on price experiments to measure the price…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-22 Ramesh Johari , Orrie B. Page , Gabriel Y. Weintraub

In industrial engineering and manufacturing, quality control is an essential part of the production process of a product. To ensure proper functionality of a manufactured good, rigorous testing has to be performed to identify defective…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-02 Michael Balzer

This paper proposes an adaptive random experiment design (ARED) algorithm that can be applied to optimize the multiple factors and levels experiments. The algorithm takes real-time model error as the adaptive condition, and outputs a model…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-01 Zhou Qiao , Duan Xiaochang , Tang Wei

The banking systems that deal with risk management depend on underlying risk measures. Following the Basel II accord, there are two separate methods by which banks may determine their capital requirement. The Value at Risk measure plays an…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2015-03-19 Dominique Guégan , Wayne Tarrant

All software development processes include steps where several alternatives induce a choice, a decision-making. Sometimes, methodologies offer a way to make decisions. However, in a lot of cases, the arguments to carry out the decision are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2009-11-10 Elena Kornyshova , Rebecca Deneckere , Camille Salinesi

During the last few decades, online controlled experiments (also known as A/B tests) have been adopted as a golden standard for measuring business improvements in industry. In our company, there are more than a billion users participating…

Applications · Statistics 2021-08-06 Tao Xiong , Yihan Bao , Penglei Zhao , Yong Wang

Product risk assessment is the overall process of determining whether a product, which could be anything from a type of washing machine to a type of teddy bear, is judged safe for consumers to use. There are several methods used for product…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2022-01-28 Joshua Hunte , Martin Neil , Norman Fenton

The detection and localization of quality-related problems in industrially mass-produced products has historically relied on manual inspection, which is costly and error-prone. Machine learning has the potential to replace manual handling.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Sebastian Hönel , Jonas Nordqvist

Multi-criteria decision support systems are used in various fields of human activities. In every alternative multi-criteria decision making problem can be represented by a set of properties or constraints. The properties can be qualitative…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2011-05-03 Tuli Bakshi , Bijan Sarkar

Score reliability is necessary for establishing a validity argument for an instrument, and is therefore highly important to investigate. Depending on the proposed instrument use and score interpretations, differing degrees of precision in…

Physics Education · Physics 2017-02-23 Robert M. Talbot

In the past decade, the technology industry has adopted online randomized controlled experiments (a.k.a. A/B testing) to guide product development and make business decisions. In practice, A/B tests are often implemented with increasing…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-27 Kevin Han , Shuangning Li , Jialiang Mao , Han Wu

A key trait of stochastic optimizers is that multiple runs of the same optimizer in attempting to solve the same problem can produce different results. As a result, their performance is evaluated over several repeats, or runs, on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Moslem Noori , Elisabetta Valiante , Thomas Van Vaerenbergh , Masoud Mohseni , Ignacio Rozada

Online-safety regulation under the UK Online Safety Act and the EU Digital Services Act increasingly treats scalar metrics as compliance evidence. Once announced, such a metric also becomes an optimization target: a strategic platform can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Florian A. D. Burnat , Brittany I. Davidson

A/B tests are the gold standard for evaluating digital experiences on the web. However, traditional "fixed-horizon" statistical methods are often incompatible with the needs of modern industry practitioners as they do not permit continuous…

A/B testing is a widely-used paradigm within marketing optimization because it promises identification of causal effects and because it is implemented out of the box in most messaging delivery software platforms. Modern businesses, however,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Schaun Wheeler

Multi-stream sequential change detection involves simultaneously monitoring many streams of data and trying to detect when their distributions change, if at all. Here, we theoretically study multiple testing issues that arise from detecting…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-04 Sanjit Dandapanthula , Aaditya Ramdas

Tech companies (e.g., Google or Facebook) often use randomized online experiments and/or A/B testing primarily based on the average treatment effects to compare their new product with an old one. However, it is also critically important to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-09 Chengchun Shi , Shikai Luo , Hongtu Zhu , Rui Song

Online experiments in internet systems, also known as A/B tests, are used for a wide range of system tuning problems, such as optimizing recommender system ranking policies and learning adaptive streaming controllers. Decision-makers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Qing Feng , Samuel Daulton , Benjamin Letham , Maximilian Balandat , Eytan Bakshy

Modern platforms leverage randomized experiments to make informed decisions from a given set of items (``treatments''). As a particularly challenging scenario, these items may (i) arrive in high volume, with thousands of new items being…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Su Jia , Andrew Li , R. Ravi , Nishant Oli , Paul Duff , Ian Anderson