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Reaching all regions of Earth, low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites can harvest delay-tolerant data from remotely located users on Earth without ground infrastructure. This work aims to assess a data harvest network architecture where users…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Chang-Sik Choi

As the commercial space economy expands, existing ground-based infrastructure faces severe bottlenecks in supporting the data-intensive continuous connectivity needs of next-generation "space users," including CubeSats, space data centers,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sergi Aliaga , Ahmad Masihi , Vitaly Petrov , Marc Sanchez Net , Josep M. Jornet

The new space race is heating up as private companies such as SpaceX and Amazon are building large satellite constellations in low-earth orbit (LEO) to provide global broadband internet access. As the number of subscribers connected to this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Tobias Pfandzelter , Jonathan Hasenburg , David Bermbach

Leveraging continuous solar energy harvesting at high efficiency, space data centers are envisioned as a promising platform for executing energy-intensive large language models (LLMs). Recognizing this advantage, space and AI conglomerates…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Zhanwei Wang , Huiling Yang , Min Sheng , Khaled B. Letaief , Kaibin Huang

While thousands of satellites photograph Earth every day, most of that data never makes it to the ground because downlink bandwidth simply cannot keep up. Processing data in the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) zone offers promising capabilities to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Thomas Sandholm , Bernardo A. Huberman , Klas Segeljakt , Paris Carbone

Offering space-based Internet services with mega-constellations of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites is a promising solution to connecting the unconnected. It can complement the coverage of terrestrial networks to help bridge the digital…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Xingqin Lin , Stefan Cioni , Gilles Charbit , Nicolas Chuberre , Sven Hellsten , Jean-Francois Boutillon

End-to-end latency in large low-Earth-orbit (LEO) constellations is dominated by propagation delay, making total delay roughly proportional to the network diameter, the longest shortest path in hops. Current inter-satellite link (ISL)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Arman Mollakhani , Jerayu Tiamraj , Shu-Jie Cao , Dongning Guo

The ultra-dense deployment of interconnected satellites will characterize future low Earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellations. Exploiting this towards a more efficient satellite network (SatNet), this paper proposes a novel LEO SatNet…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Mohammed Y. Abdelsadek , Gunes Karabulut Kurt , Halim Yanikomeroglu

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites has brought about significant improvements in wireless communications, characterized by low latency and reduced transmission loss compared to geostationary orbit (GSO) satellites. Ultra-dense LEO satellites…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Trinh Van Chien , Nguyen Minh Quan , Tri Nhu Do , Cuong Le , Tan N. Nguyen , Symeon Chatzinotas

A critical problem in global telecommunication is the drastic increase in data volume transmitted and received across the world. To address the need for scalable telecommunication solutions in light of growing data volume, the BMW Group and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Sean Batir , Nicholas Humann , Carmel Ortiz , David Bettinger , Susanne Heger , Bennie Vorster

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite Internet of Things (IoT) has been identified as one of the important components of the sixth-generation (6G) non-terrestrial networks (NTN) to provide ubiquitous connectivity. Due to the low orbit altitude…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ming Ying , Xiaoming Chen , Qiao Qi , Zhaoyang Zhang

Future integrated terrestrial, aerial, and space networks will involve thousands of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites forming a network of mega-constellations, which will play a significant role in providing communication and Internet…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Tasneem Darwish , Gunes Kurt , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Guillaume Lamontagne , Michel Bellemare

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites play an essential role in intelligent Earth observation by leveraging artificial intelligence models. However, limited onboard memory and excessive inference delay prevent the practical deployment of large…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Songge Zhang , Wen Wu , Liang Li , Ye Wang , Xuemin , Shen

The number of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations has grown rapidly in recent years, bringing a major change to global wireless communications. As LEO satellite links take on a growing role in critical services such as emergency…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-27 Jinyoung Lee , Stefano Tomasin , Dong-Hyun Jung

The rapid growth of space-based services has established LEO satellite networks as a promising option for global broadband connectivity. Next-generation LEO networks leverage inter-satellite links (ISLs) to provide faster and more reliable…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Wanja de Sombre , Arash Asadi , Debopam Bhattacherjee , Deepak Vasisht , Andrea Ortiz

Large-scale low-Earth-orbit satellite constellations offer a promising platform for global low-latency networking, aided by faster propagation in free space than in fiber and copper. In such systems, end-to-end latency is largely determined…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Arman Mollakhani , Jerayu Tiamraj , Shu-Jie Cao , Dongning Guo

The next frontier towards truly ubiquitous connectivity is the use of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) small-satellite constellations to support 5G and Beyond-5G (B5G) networks. Besides enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and massive machine-type…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Beatriz Soret , Maik Röper , Dirk Wübben , Bho Matthiesen , Armin Dekorsy , Petar Popovski

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite-assisted communications have been considered as one of key elements in beyond 5G systems to provide wide coverage and cost-efficient data services. Such dynamic space-terrestrial topologies impose exponential…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-14 Yaxiong Yuan , Lei lei , Thang X. Vu , Zheng Chang , Symeon Chatzinotas , Sumei Sun

The regenerative capabilities of next-generation satellite systems offer a novel approach to design low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems, enabling full flexibility in bandwidth and spot beam management, power control, and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Sovit Bhandari , Thang X. Vu , Symeon Chatzinotas

Relying on the powerful communication capabilities and rapidly changing geometric configuration, the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites have the potential to offer integrated communication and navigation (ICAN) services. However, the isolated…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Jiajing Li , Binghong Liu , Mugen Peng