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The frequency coexistence between geostationary orbit (GEO) and low earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems is expected to be a promising approach for relieving spectrum scarcity. However, it is essential to manage mutual interference between…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Jaehak Ryu , Aryan Kaushik , Byungju Lee , Wonjae Shin

This paper focuses on 3D localization of transmitting satellites in low Earth orbits (LEO). 3D localization of transmitters in low orbits is an important emerging problem for many applications such as spectrum management, orbit…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Ishani Janveja , Jida Zhang , Emerson Sie , Deepak Vasisht

The design and launch of large-scale satellite networks create an imminent demand for efficient and delay-minimising routing methods. With the rising number of satellites in such constellations, pre-computing all shortest routes between all…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Gregory Stock , Juan A. Fraire , Holger Hermanns

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations, each comprising a large number of satellites, have become a new source of big data "from the sky". Downloading such data to a ground station (GS) for big data analytics demands very high bandwidth and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Mohamed Elmahallawy , Tie Luo

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites are being considered for expanding legacy terrestrial cellular networks. The end users may not be able to optimize satellite orbits and constellations, however, they can optimize locations of ground stations…

Space Physics · Physics 2019-10-25 Iestyn Morgan-Jones , Pavel Loskot

Satellites in Geostationary Orbit (GEO) provide a number of commercial, government, and military services around the world, offering everything from surveillance and monitoring to video calls and internet access. However a dramatic lowering…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Frederick Rawlins , Richard Baker , Ivan Martinovic

Mega low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation is promising in achieving global coverage with high capacity. However, forwarding packets in mega constellation faces long end-to-end delay caused by multi-hop routing and high-complexity…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Xin'ao Feng , Yaohua Sun , Mugen Peng

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Earth Observation (EO) satellites have changed the way we monitor Earth. Acting like moving cameras, EO satellites are formed in constellations with different missions and priorities, and capture vast data that needs…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Xiaojian Wang , Ruozhou Yu , Dejun Yang , Guoliang Xue

The rapid proliferation of satellite constellations, particularly in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), has fundamentally altered the global space infrastructure, shifting the risk landscape from purely kinetic collisions to complex cyber-physical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Mark Ballard , Guanqun Song , Ting Zhu

This paper will explore the design and implementation of quantum networks in space integrated with quantum networks on Earth. We propose a three-layer approach, involving GEO and LEO satellites integrated with terrestrial ground stations.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-18 Andrea Conti , Robert Malaney , Moe Z. Win

Direct handset-to-satellite (DHTS) communication is emerging as a core capability of 6G non-terrestrial networks, enabling standard devices to directly access low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. While LEO provides the physical access layer…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Shimaa Naser , Maryam Tariq , Raneem Abdel-Rahim , De Mi , Azzam Mourad , Hadi Otrok , Mahmoud Al-Qutayri , Ayman Elnashar , Sami Muhaidat

Future satellite networks are expected to have thousands of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites orbiting Earth at very high speeds. User equipment (UE) communicating directly with LEO satellites will experience frequent handovers. Managing the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Mohamed Hozayen , Tasneem Darwish , Gunes Karabulut , Halim Yanikomeroglu

Arctic regions, such as northern Canada, face significant challenges in achieving consistent connectivity and low-latency computing services due to the sparse coverage of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. To enhance service reliability in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Mohammed Almekhlafi , Antoine Lesage-Landry , Gunes Karabulut Kurt

The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven services, machine-type communications, and massive Internet of Things (IoT) deployments is reshaping wireless traffic toward dense, uplink-oriented, bursty, and latency-critical patterns. In…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-16 João Paulo S. H. Lima , Marcin L. Filo , Chathura Jayawardena , Konstantinos Nikitopoulos

The construction of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations has recently attracted tremendous attention from both academia and industry. The 5G and 6G standards have identified LEO satellite networks as a key component of future…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Jiasheng Wu , Shaojie Su , Wenjun Zhu , Xiong Wang , Jingjing Zhang , Xingqiu He , Yue Gao

The increasing prevalence LEO satellite mega-constellations for global Internet coverage requires new approaches to evaluate the behavior of existing Internet protocols and applications. Traditional discrete event simulators like Hypatia…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Martin Ottens , Kai-Steffen Hielscher , Reinhard German

Low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems have been deemed a promising key enabler for current 5G and the forthcoming 6G wireless networks. Such LEO satellite constellations can provide worldwide three-dimensional coverage, high data rate,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Mesut Toka , Byungju Lee , Jaehyup Seong , Aryan Kaushik , Juhwan Lee , Jungwoo Lee , Namyoon Lee , Wonjae Shin , H. Vincent Poor

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication is a promising solution for global wireless coverage, especially in underserved and remote areas. However, the high relative velocity of LEO satellites induces significant Doppler shifts that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-01 Islam M. Tanash , Risto Wichman , Nuria Gonzalez-Prelcic

This paper presents SNK, a novel simulation platform designed to evaluate the network performance of constellation systems for global Internet services. SNK offers realtime communication visualization and supports the simulation of routing…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xiangtong Wang , Xiaodong Han , Menglong Yang , Songchen Han , Wei Li

Dense constellations of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) small satellites are envisioned to make extensive use of the inter-satellite link (ISL). Within the same orbital plane, the inter-satellite distances are preserved and the links are rather…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-08-08 Beatriz Soret , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Petar Popovski
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