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Related papers: User Privacy Harms and Risks in Conversational AI:…

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Amid the growing prevalence of human-AI interaction, large language models and other AI-based entities increasingly provide forms of companionship to human users. Such AI companionship -- i.e., bonded relationships between humans and AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-02 W. Bradley Knox , Katie Bradford , Samanta Varela Castro , Desmond C. Ong , Sean Williams , Jacob Romanow , Carly Nations , Peter Stone , Samuel Baker

Individuals are increasingly relying on large language model (LLM)-enabled conversational agents for emotional support. While prior research has examined privacy and security issues in chatbots specifically designed for mental health…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Jabari Kwesi , Jiaxun Cao , Riya Manchanda , Pardis Emami-Naeini

AI chatbots are widely used by children and teens today, but they pose significant risks to youth's privacy and safety due to both increasingly personal conversations and potential exposure to unsafe content. While children under 13 are…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Olivia Figueira , Pranathi Chamarthi , Tu Le , Athina Markopoulou

As people increasingly seek emotional support and companionship from AI chatbots, understanding how such interactions impact mental well-being becomes critical. We conducted a four-week randomized controlled experiment (n=981, >300k…

As generative AI chatbots become more personalized and emotionally responsive, they increasingly serve as companions, friends, and romantic partners. Yet these relationships are accompanied by significant uncertainty: users question the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Renwen Zhang , Lezi Xie

Conversational agents are increasingly woven into individuals' personal lives, yet users often underestimate the privacy risks associated with them. The moment users share information with these agents-such as large language models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ivoline Ngong , Swanand Kadhe , Hao Wang , Keerthiram Murugesan , Justin D. Weisz , Amit Dhurandhar , Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy

As generative AI (GenAI) systems become increasingly prevalent across various technological stacks, the question of how such systems handle sensitive and personal data flows becomes increasingly important. Specifically, both the ability to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Qianying Liao , Jonah Bellemans , Laurens Sion , Xue Jiang , Dmitrii Usynin , Xuebing Zhou , Dimitri Van Landuyt , Lieven Desmet , Wouter Joosen

The proliferation of AI agents, with their complex and context-dependent actions, renders conventional privacy paradigms obsolete. This position paper argues that the current model of privacy management, rooted in a user's unilateral…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Shuning Zhang , Ying Ma , Jingruo Chen , Simin Li , Xin Yi , Hewu Li

Generative AI systems are increasingly embedded in everyday life, yet empirical understanding of how psychological risk associated with AI use emerges, is experienced, and is regulated by users remains limited. We present a large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jianfeng Zhu , Karin G. Coifman , Ruoming Jin

As artificial intelligence continues its unprecedented global expansion, accompanied by a proliferation of benefits, an increasing apprehension about the privacy and security implications of AI-enabled systems emerges. The pivotal question…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Daria Korobenko , Anastasija Nikiforova , Rajesh Sharma

Privacy concerns and fears of unauthorized access in smart home devices often stem from misunderstandings about how data is collected, used, and protected. This study explores how AI-powered tools can offer innovative privacy protections…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Wael Albayaydh , Ivan Flechais , Rui Zhao , Jood Albayaydh

This study investigates the development and assessment of an artificial human designed as a conversational AI chatbot, focusing on its role as a clinical psychologist. The project involved creating a specialized chatbot using the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Birger Moell

AI powered health chatbot applications are increasingly utilized for personalized healthcare services, yet they pose significant challenges related to user data security and privacy. This study evaluates the effectiveness of automated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Muhammad Hassan , Abdullah Ghani , Muhammad Fareed Zaffar , Masooda Bashir

Objective: Domestic abuse cases have risen significantly over the last four years, in part due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the challenges for victims and survivors in accessing support. In this study, we investigate the role that chatbots…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Rahime Belen Saglam , Jason R. C. Nurse , Lisa Sugiura

Recent improvement gains in large language models (LLMs) have lead to everyday usage of AI-based Conversational Agents (CAs). At the same time, LLMs are vulnerable to an array of threats, including jailbreaks and, for example, causing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Kathrin Grosse , Nico Ebert

Through advances in their conversational abilities, chatbots have started to request and process an increasing variety of sensitive personal information. The accurate disclosure of sensitive information is essential where it is used to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Rahime Belen Saglam , Jason R. C. Nurse , Duncan Hodges

Many people suffer from mental health problems but not everyone seeks professional help or has access to mental health care. AI chatbots have increasingly become a go-to for individuals who either have mental disorders or simply want…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-03 Aditya Naik , Jovi Thomas , Teja Sree Mandava , Himavanth Reddy Vemula

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable advancements in natural language processing. These models are trained on vast datasets to exhibit powerful language understanding and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Shang Wang , Tianqing Zhu , Bo Liu , Ming Ding , Dayong Ye , Wanlei Zhou , Philip S. Yu

For a growing number of people, AI chatbots have become close personal companions. Despite rising scholarly attention, theoretical accounts of how such relationships develop remain fragmented. Existing frameworks address important aspects…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Nadja Rupprechter , Tobias Dienlin , Tilo Hartmann

The rapid convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) toward conversational chatbot interfaces marks a critical moment for the industry. This paper argues that the chatbot paradigm is not a neutral interface choice, but a dominant…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Sourojit Ghosh , Pranav Narayanan Venkit , Sanjana Gautam , Avijit Ghosh