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Rejection sampling is a technique for sampling from difficult distributions. However, its use is limited due to a high rejection rate. Common adaptive rejection sampling methods either work only for very specific distributions or without…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-27 Akram Erraqabi , Michal Valko , Alexandra Carpentier , Odalric-Ambrym Maillard

Many resources for forensic scholars and practitioners, such as journal articles, guidance documents, and textbooks, address how to make a value of evidence assessment in the form of a likelihood ratio (LR) when deciding between two…

Applications · Statistics 2022-05-11 Steven Lund , Hari Iyer

Warranty policies play a crucial role in balancing customer satisfaction and cost of the manufacturer. Traditional one-dimensional warranty frameworks, based solely on either age or usage, often fail to capture the joint effect of product…

Applications · Statistics 2025-09-15 Tanmay Sen , Rathin Das , Ritwik Bhattacharya

Sample size determination for cluster randomised trials (CRTs) is challenging as it requires robust estimation of the intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC). Typically, the sample size is chosen to provide a certain level of power to…

Applications · Statistics 2023-08-23 S. Faye Williamson , Svetlana V. Tishkovskaya , Kevin J. Wilson

The distribution-free method of conformal prediction (Vovk et al, 2005) has gained considerable attention in computer science, machine learning, and statistics. Candes et al. (2023) extended this method to right-censored survival data,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-04 Jing Qin , Jin Piao , Jing Ning , Yu Shen

Random sample consensus (RANSAC) is a robust model-fitting algorithm. It is widely used in many fields including image-stitching and point cloud registration. In RANSAC, data is uniformly sampled for hypothesis generation. However, this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Guoxiang Zhang , YangQuan Chen

The prevalence of one-shot devices is quite prolific in engineering and medical domains. Unlike typical one-shot devices, nondestructive one-shot devices (NOSD) may survive multiple tests and offer additional data for reliability…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-11 Shanya Baghel , Shuvashree Mondal

Ranked set sampling (RSS) is a cost-efficient study design that uses inexpensive baseline ranking to select a more informative subset of individuals for full measurement. While RSS is well known to improve precision over simple random…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-30 Nabil Awan , Richard J. Chappell

Unblinded sample size re-estimation (SSR) is often planned in a clinical trial when there is large uncertainty about the true treatment effect. For Proof-of Concept (PoC) in a Phase II dose finding study, contrast test can be adopted to…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-11 Qingyang Liu , Guanyu Hu , Binqi Ye , Susan Wang , Yaoshi Wu

The System Usability Scale (SUS) is a short, survey-based approach used to determine the usability of a system from an end user perspective once a prototype is available for assessment. Individual scores are gathered using a 10-question…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-26 Nicholas Clark , Matthew Dabkowski , Patrick Driscoll , Dereck Kennedy , Ian Kloo , Heidy Shi

Existing conformal prediction methods for time-to-event outcomes leverage only baseline covariates, producing prediction intervals that are insufficiently informative to facilitate decision making. We propose History-Aware Prediction Sets…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-08 Yuyao Wang , Alexander W. Levis , Shu Yang , Larry Han

We present a distributionally robust PAC-Bayesian framework for certifying the performance of learning-based finite-horizon controllers. While existing PAC-Bayes control literature typically assumes bounded losses and matching training and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Domagoj Herceg , Duarte Antunes

Accelerated life testing (ALT) is typically used to assess the reliability of material's lifetime under desired stress levels. Recent advances in material engineering have made a variety of material alternatives readily available. To…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-17 Ye Chen , Qiong Zhang , Mingyang Li , Wenjun Cai

Randomized controlled experiments assess new policy impacts on performance metrics to inform launch decisions. Traditional approaches evaluate metrics independently despite correlations, and mixed results (e.g., positive revenue impact,…

Applications · Statistics 2026-01-29 Hoiyi Ng , Guido Imbens

Real-world control systems must achieve long-horizon objectives (liveness) while respecting continuous-time safety constraints, a combination that motivates hierarchical layered control architectures (LCAs). Existing LCA research, however,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-07 Yoshinari Takayama , Alessio Iovine , Bart Besselink , Guillaume Sandou , Adnane Saoud

We propose Bayesian Conformal Prediction (BCP), a framework that combines Bayesian posterior predictive distributions with PAC-style conformal risk control to produce prediction sets with finite-sample coverage guarantees. Standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Fanyi Wu , Veronika Lohmanova , Samuel Kaski , Michele Caprio

In reliability engineering, data about failure events is often scarce. To arrive at meaningful estimates for the reliability of a system, it is therefore often necessary to also include expert information in the analysis, which is…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-10-25 Gero Walter , Frank P. A. Coolen

We study a Bayesian persuasion setting with binary actions (adopt and reject) for Receiver. We examine the following question - how well can Sender perform, in terms of persuading Receiver to adopt, when ignorant of Receiver's utility? We…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Yakov Babichenko , Inbal Talgam-Cohen , Haifeng Xu , Konstantin Zabarnyi

We discuss the development of reliability acceptance sampling plans under progressive Type-I interval censoring schemes in the presence of competing causes of failure. We consider a general framework to accommodate the presence of…

Applications · Statistics 2025-01-22 Rathin Das , Soumya Roy , Biswabrata Pradhan

Clinical decision-making demands uncertainty quantification that provides both distribution-free coverage guarantees and risk-adaptive precision, requirements that existing methods fail to jointly satisfy. We present a hybrid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Marzieh Amiri Shahbazi , Ali Baheri , Nasibeh Azadeh-Fard