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Embedding-based retrieval models have made significant strides in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) techniques for text and multimodal large language models (LLMs) applications. However, when it comes to speech larage language models…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-11 Chunyu Sun , Bingyu Liu , Zhichao Cui , Junhan Shi , Anbin Qi , Tian-hao Zhang , Dinghao Zhou , Lewei Lu

We present a decoder-only Conformer for automatic speech recognition (ASR) that processes speech and text in a single stack without external speech encoders or pretrained large language models (LLM). The model uses a modality-aware sparse…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-16 Jaeyoung Lee , Masato Mimura

Recently, advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown an unprecedented ability across various language tasks. This paper investigates the potential application of LLMs to slot filling with noisy ASR transcriptions, via both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Guangzhi Sun , Shutong Feng , Dongcheng Jiang , Chao Zhang , Milica Gašić , Philip C. Woodland

Audio-Visual Speech Recognition (AVSR) leverages audio and visual modalities to improve robustness in noisy environments. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) show strong performance in speech recognition, including AVSR.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Umberto Cappellazzo , Minsu Kim , Stavros Petridis

This paper introduces the integration of language-specific bi-directional context into a speech large language model (SLLM) to improve multilingual continuous conversational automatic speech recognition (ASR). We propose a character-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Yizhou Peng , Hexin Liu , Eng Siong Chng

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) achieve strong performance by jointly processing inputs from multiple modalities, such as vision, audio, and language. However, building such models or extending them to new modalities often requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Md Kaykobad Reza , Ameya Patil , Edward Ayrapetian , M. Salman Asif

The integration of pre-trained text-based large language models (LLM) with speech input has enabled instruction-following capabilities for diverse speech tasks. This integration requires the use of a speech encoder, a speech adapter, and an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Suwon Shon , Kwangyoun Kim , Yi-Te Hsu , Prashant Sridhar , Shinji Watanabe , Karen Livescu

End-to-end automatic speech recognition (E2E ASR) systems have significantly improved speech recognition through training on extensive datasets. Despite these advancements, they still struggle to accurately recognize domain specific words,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Jiwon Suh , Injae Na , Woohwan Jung

Recent work on discrete speech tokenization has paved the way for models that can seamlessly perform multiple tasks across modalities, e.g., speech recognition, text to speech, speech to speech translation. Moreover, large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Viet Anh Trinh , Rosy Southwell , Yiwen Guan , Xinlu He , Zhiyong Wang , Jacob Whitehill

Joint automatic speech recognition (ASR) and speaker diarization aim to answer the question "who spoke what" in multi-speaker scenarios. In this paper, we present an end-to-end speech large language model (Speech-LLM) for Joint strEamable…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-21 Mohan Shi , Xiong Xiao , Ruchao Fan , Shaoshi Ling , Jinyu Li

Recent advancements in supervised automatic speech recognition (ASR) have achieved remarkable performance, largely due to the growing availability of large transcribed speech corpora. However, most languages lack sufficient paired speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Junrui Ni , Liming Wang , Yang Zhang , Kaizhi Qian , Heting Gao , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson , Chang D. Yoo

Large pre-trained language models (PLMs) have shown remarkable performance across various natural language understanding (NLU) tasks, particularly in low-resource settings. Nevertheless, their potential in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Aravind Krishnan , Jesujoba Alabi , Dietrich Klakow

Large Language Models (LLMs) are currently under exploration for various tasks, including Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), Machine Translation (MT), and even End-to-End Speech Translation (ST). In this paper, we present KIT's offline…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Sai Koneru , Thai-Binh Nguyen , Ngoc-Quan Pham , Danni Liu , Zhaolin Li , Alexander Waibel , Jan Niehues

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced in text and vision, but their reasoning on audio remains limited. Most existing methods rely on dense audio embeddings, which are difficult to interpret and often fail on structured reasoning…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Termeh Taheri , Yinghao Ma , Emmanouil Benetos

This paper presents the architecture and performance of a novel Multilingual Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system developed by the Transsion Speech Team for Track 1 of the MLC-SLM 2025 Challenge. The proposed system comprises three key…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-22 Xiaoxiao Li , An Zhu , Youhai Jiang , Fengjie Zhu

Speech large language models (SLLMs) built on speech encoders, adapters, and LLMs demonstrate remarkable multitask understanding performance in high-resource languages such as English and Chinese. However, their effectiveness substantially…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Mingchen Shao , Bingshen Mu , Chengyou Wang , Hai Li , Ying Yan , Zhonghua Fu , Lei Xie

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has been extensively investigated, yet prior benchmarks have largely focused on assessing the acoustic robustness of ASR models, leaving evaluations of their linguistic capabilities relatively…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-07 He Wang , Linhan Ma , Dake Guo , Xiong Wang , Lei Xie , Jin Xu , Junyang Lin

While speech large language models (SpeechLLMs) have advanced standard automatic speech recognition (ASR), contextual biasing for named entities and rare words remains challenging, especially at scale. To address this, we propose BR-ASR: a…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xun Gong , Anqi Lv , Zhiming Wang , Huijia Zhu , Yanmin Qian

Unsupervised pre-training is now the predominant approach for both text and speech understanding. Self-attention models pre-trained on large amounts of unannotated data have been hugely successful when fine-tuned on downstream tasks from a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Ankur Bapna , Yu-an Chung , Nan Wu , Anmol Gulati , Ye Jia , Jonathan H. Clark , Melvin Johnson , Jason Riesa , Alexis Conneau , Yu Zhang

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) demonstrate impressive performance across diverse tasks, ranging from speech recognition to general audio understanding. However, their scalability is limited by the quadratic complexity of attention and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-27 Saurabhchand Bhati , Samuel Thomas , Hilde Kuehne , Rogerio Feris , James Glass
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