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As the economic and environmental costs of training and deploying large vision or language models increase dramatically, analog in-memory computing (AIMC) emerges as a promising energy-efficient solution. However, the training perspective,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhaoxian Wu , Quan Xiao , Tayfun Gokmen , Omobayode Fagbohungbe , Tianyi Chen

3D point cloud neural networks have significantly enhanced the perceptual capabilities of resource-limited mobile intelligent systems. However, despite the transformative impact, the point cloud algorithm suffers from substantial memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Dengfeng Wang , Shunqin Cai , Yanan Sun

In-memory computing (IMC) on a monolithic chip for deep learning faces dramatic challenges on area, yield, and on-chip interconnection cost due to the ever-increasing model sizes. 2.5D integration or chiplet-based architectures interconnect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Gokul Krishnan , Sumit K. Mandal , Manvitha Pannala , Chaitali Chakrabarti , Jae-sun Seo , Umit Y. Ogras , Yu Cao

Mixed-precision quantization works Neural Networks (NNs) are gaining traction for their efficient realization on the hardware leading to higher throughput and lower energy. In-Memory Computing (IMC) accelerator architectures are offered as…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Mariam Rakka , Rachid Karami , Ahmed M. Eltawil , Mohammed E. Fouda , Fadi Kurdahi

Large-scale deep learning models are increasingly constrained by their immense energy consumption, limiting their scalability and applicability for edge intelligence. In-memory computing (IMC) offers a promising solution by addressing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Yusuke Sakemi , Yuji Okamoto , Takashi Morie , Sou Nobukawa , Takeo Hosomi , Kazuyuki Aihara

Conventional in-memory computing (IMC) architectures consist of analog memristive crossbars to accelerate matrix-vector multiplication (MVM), and digital functional units to realize nonlinear vector (NLV) operations in deep neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Md Hasibul Amin , Mohammed Elbtity , Ramtin Zand

The energy efficiency of analog computing-in-memory (ACIM) accelerator for recurrent neural networks, particularly long short-term memory (LSTM) network, is limited by the high proportion of nonlinear (NL) operations typically executed…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Junyi Yang , Xinyu Luo , Ye Ke , Zheng Wang , Hongyang Shang , Shuai Dong , Zhengnan Fu , Xiaofeng Yang , Hongjie Liu , Arindam Basu

This paper obtains fundamental limits on the computational precision of in-memory computing architectures (IMCs). An IMC noise model and associated SNR metrics are defined and their interrelationships analyzed to show that the accuracy of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Sujan Kumar Gonugondla , Charbel Sakr , Hassan Dbouk , Naresh R. Shanbhag

In this paper, we propose a mixed-precision convolution unit architecture which supports different integer and floating point (FP) precisions. The proposed architecture is based on low-bit inner product units and realizes higher precision…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Hamzah Abdel-Aziz , Ali Shafiee , Jong Hoon Shin , Ardavan Pedram , Joseph H. Hassoun

Modern radio telescopes like the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) will need to process in real-time exabytes of radio-astronomical signals to construct a high-resolution map of the sky. Near-Memory Computing (NMC) could alleviate the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Stefano Corda , Bram Veenboer , Ahsan Javed Awan , Akash Kumar , Roel Jordans , Henk Corporaal

Deep neural network (DNN) inference using reduced integer precision has been shown to achieve significant improvements in memory utilization and compute throughput with little or no accuracy loss compared to full-precision floating-point.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Yuzong Chen , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah

Recent works propose neural network- (NN-) inspired analog-to-digital converters (NNADCs) and demonstrate their great potentials in many emerging applications. These NNADCs often rely on resistive random-access memory (RRAM) devices to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Weidong Cao , Liu Ke , Ayan Chakrabarti , Xuan Zhang

In-memory computing (IMC) with non-volatile memories (NVMs) has emerged as a promising approach to address the rapidly growing computational demands of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Mapping DNN layers spatially onto NVM-based IMC…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Abinand Nallathambi , Christin David Bose , Wilfried Haensch , Anand Raghunathan

Motivated by the increasing interest in the posit numeric format, in this paper we evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of posit arithmetic in contrast to the traditional IEEE 754 32-bit floating-point (FP32) arithmetic. We first design and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Stefan Dan Ciocirlan , Dumitrel Loghin , Lavanya Ramapantulu , Nicolae Tapus , Yong Meng Teo

In recent years, Compute-in-memory (CiM) architectures have emerged as a promising solution for deep neural network (NN) accelerators. Multiply-accumulate~(MAC) is considered a {\textit de facto} unit operation in NNs. By leveraging the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-05 Dhandeep Challagundla , Ignatius Bezzam , Riadul Islam

Near-memory Computing (NMC) promises improved performance for the applications that can exploit the features of emerging memory technologies such as 3D-stacked memory. However, it is not trivial to find such applications and specialized…

Performance · Computer Science 2019-06-26 Stefano Corda , Gagandeep Singh , Ahsan Javed Awan , Roel Jordans , Henk Corporaal

The paper proposes in-memory computing (IMC) solution for the design and implementation of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) based cryptographic algorithm. This research aims at increasing the cyber security of autonomous driverless…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Hala Ajmi , Fakhreddine Zayer , Amira Hadj Fredj , Belgacem Hamdi , Baker Mohammad , Naoufel Werghi , Jorge Dias

In neuromorphic photonic systems, device operations are typically governed by analog signals, necessitating digital-to-analog converters (DAC) and analog-to-digital converters (ADC). However, data movement between memory and these…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Sean Lam , Ahmed Khaled , Simon Bilodeau , Bicky A. Marquez , Paul R. Prucnal , Lukas Chrostowski , Bhavin J. Shastri , Sudip Shekhar

Deep learning training involves a large number of operations, which are dominated by high dimensionality Matrix-Vector Multiplies (MVMs). This has motivated hardware accelerators to enhance compute efficiency, but where data movement and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-07 Christopher Grimm , Naveen Verma

Keyword spotting has gained popularity as a natural way to interact with consumer devices in recent years. However, because of its always-on nature and the variety of speech, it necessitates a low-power design as well as user customization.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Yu-Hsiang Chiang , Tian-Sheuan Chang , Shyh Jye Jou