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We consider the fundamental problem of assigning distinct labels to agents in the probabilistic model of population protocols. Our protocols operate under the assumption that the size $n$ of the population is embedded in the transition…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Leszek Gasieniec , Jesper Jansson , Christos Levcopoulos , Andrzej Lingas

Population protocols are a well established model of computation by anonymous, identical finite state agents. A protocol is well-specified if from every initial configuration, all fair executions reach a common consensus. The central…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-07-31 Michael Blondin , Javier Esparza , Stefan Jaax , Philipp J. Meyer

We consider a population of $n$ agents which communicate with each other in a decentralized manner, through random pairwise interactions. One or more agents in the population may act as authoritative sources of information, and the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-11-30 Bartlomiej Dudek , Adrian Kosowski

We propose a self-stabilizing leader election protocol on directed rings in the model of population protocols. Given an upper bound $N$ on the population size $n$, the proposed protocol elects a unique leader within $O(nN)$ expected steps…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Daisuke Yokota , Yuichi Sudo , Toshimitsu Masuzawa

Population protocols model information spreading and computation in network systems where pairwise node exchanges are determined by an external random scheduler and nodes have small memory. Most of the population protocols in the literature…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Costas Busch , Dariusz R. Kowalski

In the stochastic population protocol model, we are given a connected graph with $n$ nodes, and in every time step, a scheduler samples an edge of the graph uniformly at random and the nodes connected by this edge interact. A fundamental…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Dan Alistarh , Joel Rybicki , Sasha Voitovych

We investigate opinion dynamics in a fully-connected system, consisting of $n$ identical and anonymous agents, where one of the opinions (which is called correct) represents a piece of information to disseminate. In more detail, one source…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Luca Becchetti , Andrea Clementi , Amos Korman , Francesco Pasquale , Luca Trevisan , Robin Vacus

Population protocols are a class of algorithms for modeling distributed computation in networks of finite-state agents communicating through pairwise interactions. Their suitability for analyzing numerous chemical processes has motivated…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Talley Amir , James Aspnes , John Lazarsfeld

We present a silent, self-stabilizing ranking protocol for the population protocol model of distributed computing, where agents interact in randomly chosen pairs to solve a common task. We are given $n$ anonymous agents, and the goal is to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Petra Berenbrink , Robert Elsässer , Thorsten Götte , Lukas Hintze , Dominik Kaaser

Population protocols are a model of computation in which an arbitrary number of indistinguishable finite-state agents interact in pairs. The goal of the agents is to decide by stable consensus whether their initial global configuration…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Philipp Czerner , Javier Esparza , Jérôme Leroux

In population protocols, the underlying distributed network consists of $n$ nodes (or agents), denoted by $V$, and a scheduler that continuously selects uniformly random pairs of nodes to interact. When two nodes interact, their states are…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-26 Stav Ben-Nun , Tsvi Kopelowitz , Matan Kraus , Ely Porat

Population protocols [Angluin et al., PODC, 2004] are a model of distributed computation in which indistinguishable, finite-state agents interact in pairs to decide if their initial configuration, i.e., the initial number of agents in each…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Javier Esparza , Stefan Jaax , Mikhail Raskin , Chana Weil-Kennedy

We investigate majority rule dynamics in a population with two classes of people, each with two opinion states $\pm 1$, and with tunable interactions between people in different classes. In an update, a randomly selected group adopts the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-06-23 P. L. Krapivsky , S. Redner

The classic Fischer, Lynch, and Paterson impossibility proof demonstrates that any deterministic protocol for consensus in either a message-passing or shared-memory system must violate at least one of termination, validity, or agreement in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-20 James Aspnes , Shlomi Dolev , Amit Hendin

In their 2006 seminal paper in Distributed Computing, Angluin et al. present a construction that, given any Presburger predicate as input, outputs a leaderless population protocol that decides the predicate. The protocol for a predicate of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Philipp Czerner , Roland Guttenberg , Martin Helfrich , Javier Esparza

Population protocols are a model of computation in which indistinguishable mobile agents interact in pairs to decide a property of their initial configuration. Originally introduced by Angluin et. al. in 2004 with a constant number of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Philipp Czerner , Vincent Fischer , Roland Guttenberg

Pull voting is a classic method to reach consensus among $n$ vertices with differing opinions in a distributed network: each vertex at each step takes on the opinion of a random neighbour. This method, however, suffers from two drawbacks.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-04-14 Colin Cooper , Tomasz Radzik , Nicolás Rivera , Takeharu Shiraga

We present the first nearly-optimal bounds on the consensus time for the well-known synchronous consensus dynamics, specifically 3-Majority and 2-Choices, for an arbitrary number of opinions. In synchronous consensus dynamics, we consider…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Nobutaka Shimizu , Takeharu Shiraga

We consider the \mnk{classical} problem of a controller activating (or sampling) sequentially from a finite number of $N \geq 2$ populations, specified by unknown distributions. Over some time horizon, at each time $n = 1, 2, \ldots$, the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-12-18 Wesley Cowan , Michael N. Katehakis

Detection of rare traits or diseases in a large population is challenging. Pool testing allows covering larger swathes of population at a reduced cost, while simplifying logistics. However, testing precision decreases as it becomes unclear…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Éric Brier , Megi Dervishi , Rémi Géraud-Stewart , David Naccache , Ofer Yifrach-Stav