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Let $f$ be a completely multiplicative function that assumes values inside the unit disc. We show that if $\sum_{n<x} f(n) \ll x/(\log x)^A$, $x>2$, for some $A>2$, then either $f(p)$ is small on average or $f$ pretends to be $\mu(n)n^{it}$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-06-12 Dimitris Koukoulopoulos

We prove new bounds for sums of multiplicative characters over sums of set with small doubling and applying this result we break the square--root barrier in a problem of Balog concerning products of differences in a field of prime order.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-07 Tomasz Schoen , Ilya D. Shkredov

We prove that the average size of a mixed character sum $$\sum_{1\le n \le x} \chi(n) e(n\theta) w(n/x)$$ (for a suitable smooth function $w$) is on the order of $\sqrt{x}$ for all irrational real $\theta$ satisfying a weak Diophantine…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-28 Victor Y. Wang , Max Wenqiang Xu

We formulate a form of square-root cancellation for the operator which sums a mean-zero function over a hyperplane in $R^d$ for $R$ a possibly noncommutative finite ring. Using an argument of Hart, Iosevich, Koh, and Rudnev, we show that…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-30 Nathaniel Kingsbury-Neuschotz

In this paper, we prove a lower bound for $\underset{\chi \neq \chi_0}{\max}\bigg|\sum_{n\leq x} \chi(n)\bigg|$, when $x= \frac{q}{(\log q)^B}$. This improves on a result of Granville and Soundararajan for large character sums when the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-05-26 Crystel Bujold

We show that if $f$ is the random completely multiplicative function, the probability that $\sum_{n\le x}\frac{f(n)}{n}$ is positive for every $x$ is at least $1-10^{-45}$, while also strictly smaller than $1$. For large $x$, we prove an…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-06 Rodrigo Angelo , Max Wenqiang Xu

We establish the limiting distribution of $\frac{{(\log \log x)}^{1/4}}{\sqrt{x}} \sum_{n\le x}\alpha(n)$ where $\alpha$ is a Steinhaus random multiplicative function, answering a question of Harper. The distributional convergence is proved…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Ofir Gorodetsky , Mo Dick Wong

The goal of this work is to prove an analogue of a recent result of Harper on almost sure lower bounds of random multiplicative functions, in a setting that can be thought of as a simplified function field analogue. It answers a question…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-02-02 Maxim Gerspach

We study $|A + A|$ as a random variable, where $A \subseteq \{0, \dots, N\}$ is a random subset such that each $0 \le n \le N$ is included with probability $0 < p < 1$, and where $A + A$ is the set of sums $a + b$ for $a,b$ in $A$. Lazarev,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-02 Aditya Jambhale , Rauan Kaldybayev , Steven J. Miller , Chris Yao

We study a general class of multiplicative functions by relating "short averages" to its "long average". More precisely, we estimate asymptotically the variance of such a class of functions in short intervals using Fourier analysis and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-08-30 Pranendu Darbar , Mithun Kumar Das

Let $f$ be a real-valued $1$-bounded multiplicative function. Suppose that the mean-value of $f^{2}$ exists, and $$\int_{0}^{1} \Big | \sum_{n \leq N} f(n)e^{2\pi i n \alpha} \Big | d \alpha\leq N^{o(1)}$$ as $N \rightarrow \infty$, then…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-24 Mayank Pandey , Maksym Radziwiłł

Let $f$ be a Rademacher or Steinhaus random multiplicative function. For various arithmetically interesting subsets $\mathcal A\subseteq [1, N]\cap\mathbb N$ such that the distribution of $\sum_{n\in \mathcal A} f(n)$ is approximately…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Besfort Shala

We characterize the limiting behavior of partial sums of multiplicative functions $f:\mathbb{F}_q[t]\to S^1$. In contrast to the number field setting, the characterization depends crucially on whether the notion of discrepancy is defined…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-19 Oleksiy Klurman , Alexander P. Mangerel , Joni Teräväinen

We establish a new bound for short character sums in finite fields, particularly over two-dimensional grids in $\mathbb{F}_{p^3}$ and higher-dimensional lattices in $\mathbb{F}_{p^d}$, extending an earlier work of Mei-Chu Chang on Burgess…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Aishik Chattopadhyay

In this paper, we investigate the size of moments of quadratic character sums averaged over the family of fundamental discriminants. We obtain an asymptotic formula for all integer moments in a restricted range of parameters using a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-09 Marc Munsch , Yuichiro Toma

Let $A$ be an $a$-letter alphabet. We consider fractional powers of $A$-strings: if $x$ is a $n$-letter string, $x^r$ is a prefix of $xxxx...$ having length $nr$. Let $l$ be a positive integer. Ilie, Ochem and Shallit defined $R(a,l)$ as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-12-02 Andrey Rumyantsev

We study for bounded multiplicative functions $f$ sums of the form \begin{align*} \sum_{\substack{n\leq x \atop n\equiv a\pmod q}}f(n), \end{align*} establishing that their variance over residue classes $a \pmod q$ is small as soon as…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-24 Oleksiy Klurman , Alexander P. Mangerel , Joni Teräväinen

Let $R(N)$ be the number of representations of $N$ as a sum of a prime and a square-full number weighted with logarithmic function. In $2024$, the author and Y. Suzuki obtained an asymptotic formula for the sum of $R(N)$ over positive…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-06 Fumi Ogihara

We provide examples of multiplicative functions $f$ supported on the squarefree integers, such that on primes $f(p)=\pm1$ and such that $M_f(x):=\sum_{n\leq x} f(n)=o(\sqrt{x})$. Further, by assuming the Riemann hypothesis (RH) we can go…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-22 Marco Aymone

Taking Shapiro's cyclic sums $\sum_{i=1}^n x_i/(x_{i+1}+x_{i+2})$ (assuming index addition mod $n$) as a starting point, we introduce a broader class of cyclic sums, called generalized Shapiro-Diananda sums, where the denominators are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-22 Sergey Sadov