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Scalability remains a challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning and is currently under active research. A framework named mean-field reinforcement learning (MFRL) could alleviate the scalability problem by employing the Mean Field…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Hao Ma , Zhiqiang Pu , Yi Pan , Boyin Liu , Junlong Gao , Zhenyu Guo

This paper analyzes a class of infinite-time-horizon stochastic games with singular controls motivated from the partially reversible problem. It provides an explicit solution for the mean-field game (MFG) and presents sensitivity analysis…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-08-12 Haoyang Cao , Xin Guo

Mean Field Games (MFG) are the class of games with a very large number of agents and the standard equilibrium concept is a Mean Field Equilibrium (MFE). Algorithms for learning MFE in dynamic MFGs are unknown in general. Our focus is on an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-02-02 Kiyeob Lee , Desik Rengarajan , Dileep Kalathil , Srinivas Shakkottai

We establish the convergence of the unified two-timescale Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithm presented in a previous work by Angiuli et al. This algorithm provides solutions to Mean Field Game (MFG) or Mean Field Control (MFC) problems…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-02 Andrea Angiuli , Jean-Pierre Fouque , Mathieu Laurière , Mengrui Zhang

Multi-agent reinforcement learning methods have shown remarkable potential in solving complex multi-agent problems but mostly lack theoretical guarantees. Recently, mean field control and mean field games have been established as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Kai Cui , Anam Tahir , Mark Sinzger , Heinz Koeppl

The marriage between mean-field theory and reinforcement learning has shown a great capacity to solve large-scale control problems with homogeneous agents. To break the homogeneity restriction of mean-field theory, a recent interest is to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yuanquan Hu , Xiaoli Wei , Junji Yan , Hengxi Zhang

We explore the problem of imitation learning (IL) in the context of mean-field games (MFGs), where the goal is to imitate the behavior of a population of agents following a Nash equilibrium policy according to some unknown payoff function.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Giorgia Ramponi , Pavel Kolev , Olivier Pietquin , Niao He , Mathieu Laurière , Matthieu Geist

Learning by experience in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) is a difficult and exciting task, due to the lack of stationarity of the environment, whose dynamics evolves as the population learns. In order to design scalable algorithms for systems…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-02-24 Romuald Elie , Julien Pérolat , Mathieu Laurière , Matthieu Geist , Olivier Pietquin

In this paper, we use mean field games (MFGs) to investigate approximations of $N$-player games with uniformly symmetrically continuous heterogeneous closed-loop actions. To incorporate agents' risk aversion (beyond the classical expected…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-26 Ziteng Cheng , Sebastian Jaimungal

Methods like multi-agent reinforcement learning struggle to scale with growing population size. Mean-field games (MFGs) are a game-theoretic approach that can circumvent this by finding a solution for an abstract infinite population, which…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Patrick Benjamin , Alessandro Abate

Mean Field Games (MFGs) can potentially scale multi-agent systems to extremely large populations of agents. Yet, most of the literature assumes a single initial distribution for the agents, which limits the practical applications of MFGs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Sarah Perrin , Mathieu Laurière , Julien Pérolat , Romuald Élie , Matthieu Geist , Olivier Pietquin

Recent years have witnessed significant advances in reinforcement learning (RL), which has registered great success in solving various sequential decision-making problems in machine learning. Most of the successful RL applications, e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Kaiqing Zhang , Zhuoran Yang , Tamer Başar

Recent advances in deep learning has witnessed many innovative frameworks that solve high dimensional mean-field games (MFG) accurately and efficiently. These methods, however, are restricted to solving single-instance MFG and demands…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Han Huang , Rongjie Lai

Mean field theory provides an effective way of scaling multiagent reinforcement learning algorithms to environments with many agents that can be abstracted by a virtual mean agent. In this paper, we extend mean field multiagent algorithms…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian , Pascal Poupart , Matthew E. Taylor , Nidhi Hegde

Mean-field game theory relies on approximating games that are intractable to model due to a very large to infinite population of players. While these kinds of games can be solved analytically via the associated system of partial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Anna C. M. Thöni , Yoram Bachrach , Tal Kachman

We establish the convergence of the deep actor-critic reinforcement learning algorithm presented in [Angiuli et al., 2023a] in the setting of continuous state and action spaces with an infinite discrete-time horizon. This algorithm provides…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Jean-Pierre Fouque , Mathieu Laurière , Mengrui Zhang

Mean field control (MFC) is an effective way to mitigate the curse of dimensionality of cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) problems. This work considers a collection of $N_{\mathrm{pop}}$ heterogeneous agents that can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Washim Uddin Mondal , Mridul Agarwal , Vaneet Aggarwal , Satish V. Ukkusuri

We consider a class of mean field games in which the agents interact through both their states and controls, and we focus on situations in which a generic agent tries to adjust her speed (control) to an average speed (the average is made in…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-03-10 Y Achdou , Z Kobeissi

We propose a novel mean field games (MFGs) based GAN(generative adversarial network) framework. To be specific, we utilize the Hopf formula in density space to rewrite MFGs as a primal-dual problem so that we are able to train the model via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Shaojun Ma , Haomin Zhou , Hongyuan Zha

In this article we consider finite Mean Field Games (MFGs), i.e. with finite time and finite states. We adopt the framework introduced in Gomes Mohr and Souza in 2010, and study two seemly unexplored subjects. In the first one, we analyze…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-05-16 Saeed Hadikhanloo , Francisco José Silva