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The TREC 2009 web ad hoc and relevance feedback tasks used a new document collection, the ClueWeb09 dataset, which was crawled from the general Web in early 2009. This dataset contains 1 billion web pages, a substantial fraction of which…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Gordon V. Cormack , Mark D. Smucker , Charles L. A. Clarke

Search engines are the most important tools for web data acquisition. Web pages are crawled and indexed by search Engines. Users typically locate useful web pages by querying a search engine. One of the challenges in search engines…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-05-11 Seyed Hamid Reza Mohammadi , Mohammad Ali Zare Chahooki

The constant growth in the number of malware - software or code fragment potentially harmful for computers and information networks - and the use of sophisticated evasion and obfuscation techniques have seriously hindered classic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Nicola Loi , Claudio Borile , Daniele Ucci

Misclassifications in spam and phishing detection are very harmful, as false negatives expose users to attacks while false positives degrade trust. Existing uncertainty-based detectors can flag potential errors, but possibly be deceived and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Qi Zhang , Dian Chen , Lance M. Kaplan , Audun Jøsang , Dong Hyun Jeong , Feng Chen , Jin-Hee Cho

Spam messages continue to present significant challenges to digital users, cluttering inboxes and posing security risks. Traditional spam detection methods, including rules-based, collaborative, and machine learning approaches, struggle to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Qiyao Tang , Xiangyang Li

The popularity, cost-effectiveness and ease of information exchange that electronic mails offer to electronic device users has been plagued with the rising number of unsolicited or spam emails. Driven by the need to protect email users from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Ismail B. Mustapha , Shafaatunnur Hasan , Sunday O. Olatunji , Siti Mariyam Shamsuddin , Afolabi Kazeem

Phishing attacks represents one of the primary attack methods which is used by cyber attackers. In many cases, attackers use deceptive emails along with malicious attachments to trick users into giving away sensitive information or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Fatemeh Nejati , Mahdi Rabbani , Morteza Eskandarian , Mansur Mirani , Gunjan Piya , Igor Opushnyev , Ali A. Ghorbani , Sajjad Dadkhah

Email classification is still a mostly manual task. Consequently, most Web mail users never define a single folder. Recently however, automatic classification offering the same categories to all users has started to appear in some Web mail…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-07-01 Mihajlo Grbovic , Guy Halawi , Zohar Karnin , Yoelle Maarek

Short Message Service (SMS) is a very popular service used for communication by mobile users. However, this popular service can be abused by executing illegal activities and influencing security risks. Nowadays, many automatic machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Waddah Saeed

With the rapid adoption of Internet as an easy way to communicate, the amount of unsolicited e-mails, known as spam e-mails, has been growing rapidly. The major problem of spam e-mails is the loss of productivity and a drain on IT…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-12-11 Mohammadi Akheela Khanum , Lamia Mohammed Ketari

Social networking websites face a constant barrage of spam, unwanted messages that distract, annoy, and even defraud honest users. These messages tend to be very short, making them difficult to identify in isolation. Furthermore, spammers…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-01-30 Jonathan Brophy , Daniel Lowd

Email phishing has become more prevalent and grows more sophisticated over time. To combat this rise, many machine learning (ML) algorithms for detecting phishing emails have been developed. However, due to the limited email data sets on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Mariya Shmalko , Alsharif Abuadbba , Raj Gaire , Tingmin Wu , Hye-Young Paik , Surya Nepal

Cyber-phishing attacks recently became more precise, targeted, and tailored by training data to activate only in the presence of specific information or cues. They are adaptable to a much greater extent than traditional phishing detection.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Amir Kashapov , Tingmin Wu , Alsharif Abuadbba , Carsten Rudolph

Short Message Service (SMS) spam is a serious problem in Vietnam because of the availability of very cheap pre-paid SMS packages. There are some systems to detect and filter spam messages for English, most of which use machine learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-12 Thai-Hoang Pham , Phuong Le-Hong

Web spam is a big challenge for quality of search engine results. It is very important for search engines to detect web spam accurately. In this paper we present 32 low cost quality factors to classify spam and ham pages on real time basis.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2014-10-09 Ashish Chandra , Mohammad Suaib , Dr. Rizwan Beg

Phishing, a prevalent cybercrime tactic for decades, remains a significant threat in today's digital world. By leveraging clever social engineering elements and modern technology, cybercrime targets many individuals, businesses, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Het Patel , Umair Rehman , Farkhund Iqbal

Naive Bayes spam filters are highly susceptible to data poisoning attacks. Here, known spam sources/blacklisted IPs exploit the fact that their received emails will be treated as (ground truth) labeled spam examples, and used for classifier…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-02 David J. Miller , Xinyi Hu , Zhen Xiang , George Kesidis

A large part of modern day communications are carried out through the medium of E-mails, especially corporate communications. More and more people are using E-mail for personal uses too. Companies also send notifications to their customers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-13 Gaurav Ojha , Gaurav Kumar Tak

It has recently been argued that a Naive Bayesian classifier can be used to filter unsolicited bulk e-mail ("spam"). We conduct a thorough evaluation of this proposal on a corpus that we make publicly available, contributing towards…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2009-09-25 Ion Androutsopoulos , John Koutsias , Konstantinos V. Chandrinos , George Paliouras , Constantine D. Spyropoulos

Malicious websites are responsible for a majority of the cyber-attacks and scams today. Malicious URLs are delivered to unsuspecting users via email, text messages, pop-ups or advertisements. Clicking on or crawling such URLs can result in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Apoorva Joshi , Levi Lloyd , Paul Westin , Srini Seethapathy