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Spam messages muddle up users inbox, consume network resources, and build up DDoS attacks, spread malware. Our goal is to present a definite figure about the characteristics of spam and spam vulnerable email accounts. These evaluations help…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Cynthia Dhinakaran , Dhinaharan Nagamalai , Jae Kwang Lee

This study introduces a novel natural language processing pipeline that enhances customer service efficiency at Telekom Srbija, a leading Serbian telecommunications company, through automated email topic detection and labeling. Central to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Bojana Bašaragin , Darija Medvecki , Gorana Gojić , Milena Oparnica , Dragiša Mišković

We present an approach to email filtering based on the suffix tree data structure. A method for the scoring of emails using the suffix tree is developed and a number of scoring and score normalisation functions are tested. Our results show…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Rajesh M. Pampapathi , Boris Mirkin , Mark Levene

Email threat is a serious issue for enterprise security. The threat can be in various malicious forms, such as phishing, fraud, blackmail and malvertisement. The traditional anti-spam gateway often maintains a greylist to filter out…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Peilun Wu , Hui Guo

We propose a privacy-preserving Naive Bayes classifier and apply it to the problem of private text classification. In this setting, a party (Alice) holds a text message, while another party (Bob) holds a classifier. At the end of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Amanda Resende , Davis Railsback , Rafael Dowsley , Anderson C. A. Nascimento , Diego F. Aranha

Phishing attacks remain a significant threat to modern cybersecurity, as they successfully deceive both humans and the defense mechanisms intended to protect them. Traditional detection systems primarily focus on email metadata that users…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Even Eilertsen , Vasileios Mavroeidis , Gudmund Grov

Anti-phishing aims to detect phishing content/documents in a pool of textual data. This is an important problem in cybersecurity that can help to guard users from fraudulent information. Natural language processing (NLP) offers a natural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-07 Minh Nguyen , Toan Nguyen , Thien Huu Nguyen

E-commerce is the fastest-growing segment of the economy. Online reviews play a crucial role in helping consumers evaluate and compare products and services. As a result, fake reviews (opinion spam) are becoming more prevalent and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Kiril Danilchenko , Michael Segal , Dan Vilenchik

We evaluate empirically a scheme for combining classifiers, known as stacked generalization, in the context of anti-spam filtering, a novel cost-sensitive application of text categorization. Unsolicited commercial e-mail, or "spam", floods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 G. Sakkis , I. Androutsopoulos , G. Paliouras , V. Karkaletsis , C. D. Spyropoulos , P. Stamatopoulos

Unsolicited Bulk Emails (also known as Spam) are undesirable emails sent to massive number of users. Spam emails consume the network resources and cause lots of security uncertainties. As we studied, the location where the spam filter…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-08-29 Alireza Nemaney Pour , Raheleh Kholghi , Soheil Behnam Roudsari

There is a tremendous increase in spam traffic these days. Spam messages muddle up users inbox, consume network resources, and build up DDoS attacks, spread worms and viruses. Our goal is to present a definite figure about the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Cynthia Dhinakaran , Dhinaharan Nagamalai , Jae Kwang Lee

Email spam detection is a critical task in modern communication systems, essential for maintaining productivity, security, and user experience. Traditional machine learning and deep learning approaches, while effective in static settings,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Ghazaleh SHirvani , Saeid Ghasemshirazi

We address the problem of large scale real-time classification of content posted on social networks, along with the need to rapidly identify novel spam types. Obtaining manual labels for user-generated content using editorial labeling and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Ishita Doshi , Sreekalyan Sajjalla , Jayesh Choudhari , Rushi Bhatt , Anirban Dasgupta

Spam pages are designed to maliciously appear among the top search results by excessive usage of popular terms. Therefore, spam pages should be removed using an effective and efficient spam detection system. Previous methods for web spam…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2013-07-25 Ali Hadian , Behrouz Minaei-Bidgoli

The problem of detecting phishing emails through machine learning techniques has been discussed extensively in the literature. Conventional and state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms have demonstrated the possibility of building…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Luis Felipe Gutiérrez , Faranak Abri , Miriam Armstrong , Akbar Siami Namin , Keith S. Jones

Spear phishing is a widespread concern in the modern network security landscape, but there are few metrics that measure the extent to which reconnaissance is performed on phishing targets. Spear phishing emails closely match the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Michael C. Kotson , Alexia Schulz

Phishing attacks frequently use email body obfuscation to bypass detection filters, but quantitative insights into how techniques are combined and their impact on filter scores remain limited. This paper addresses this gap by empirically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Antony Dalmiere , Zheng Zhou , Guillaume Auriol , Vincent Nicomette , Pascal Marchand

Phishing emails continue to pose a persistent challenge to online communication, exploiting human trust and evading automated filters through realistic language and adaptive tactics. While large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Daniyal Ganiuly , Assel Smaiyl

Deep learning transformer models become important by training on text data based on self-attention mechanisms. This manuscript demonstrated a novel universal spam detection model using pre-trained Google's Bidirectional Encoder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Vijay Srinivas Tida , Sonya Hsu

Addressing the problem of spam emails in the Internet, this paper presents a comparative study on Na\"ive Bayes and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) based modeling of spammer behavior. Keyword-based spam email filtering techniques fall…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2010-08-20 Md. Saiful Islam , Shah Mostafa Khaled , Khalid Farhan , Md. Abdur Rahman , Joy Rahman