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Related papers: Google Scholar is manipulatable

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Citations are an important indicator of the state of a scientific field, reflecting how authors frame their work, and influencing uptake by future scholars. However, our understanding of citation behavior has been limited to small-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-06 David Jurgens , Srijan Kumar , Raine Hoover , Dan McFarland , Dan Jurafsky

The new web-based academic communication platforms do not only enable researchers to better advertise their academic outputs, making them more visible than ever before, but they also provide a wide supply of metrics to help authors better…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2018-04-17 Alberto Martín-Martín , Enrique Orduna-Malea , Emilio Delgado López-Cózar

We present empirical data on misprints in citations to twelve high-profile papers. The great majority of misprints are identical to misprints in articles that earlier cited the same paper. The distribution of the numbers of misprint…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-09-13 M. V. Simkin , V. P. Roychowdhury

Metrics designed to quantify the influence of academics are increasingly used and easily estimable, and perhaps the most popular is the h index. Metrics such as this are however potentially impacted through excessive self citation. This…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2014-06-23 Richard Norman , Francisco M Couto

This report describes the feature introduced by Google to provide standardized access to institutional affiliations within Google Scholar Citations. First, this new tool is described, pointing out its main characteristics and functioning.…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2015-09-16 Enrique Orduna-Malea , Juan Manuel Ayllón , Alberto Martín-Martín , Emilio Delgado López-Cózar

References, the mechanism scientists rely on to signal previous knowledge, lately have turned into widely used and misused measures of scientific impact. Yet, when a discovery becomes common knowledge, citations suffer from obliteration by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Xiangyi Meng , Onur Varol , Albert-László Barabási

Unlike other academic bibliographic databases, Google Scholar intentionally operates in a way that does not maintain coverage stability: documents that stop being available to Google Scholar's crawlers are removed from the system. This can…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Alberto Martín-Martín , Emilio Delgado López-Cózar

Citations play an important role in researchers' careers as a key factor in evaluation of scientific impact. Many anecdotes advice authors to exploit this fact and cite prospective reviewers to try obtaining a more positive evaluation for…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Ivan Stelmakh , Charvi Rastogi , Ryan Liu , Shuchi Chawla , Federico Echenique , Nihar B. Shah

This paper investigates the presence and impact of questionable, AI-generated academic papers on widely used preprint repositories, with a focus on their role in citation manipulation. Motivated by suspicious patterns observed in…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Haitham S. Al-Sinani , Chris J. Mitchell

Academic citations are widely used for evaluating research and tracing knowledge flows. Such uses typically rely on raw citation counts and neglect variability in citation types. In particular, citations can vary in their fidelity as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Hong Chen , Misha Teplitskiy , David Jurgens

With the vast majority of scientific papers now available online, this paper describes how the Web is allowing physicists and information providers to measure more accurately the impact of these papers and their authors. Provides a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 L. I. Meho

Following in the footsteps of the model of scientific communication, which has recently gone through a metamorphosis (from the Gutenberg galaxy to the Web galaxy), a change in the model and methods of scientific evaluation is also taking…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2016-02-09 Alberto Martin-Martin , Enrique Orduna-Malea , Juan M. Ayllon , Emilio Delgado Lopez-Cozar

We investigate platform-native citation farming on ResearchGate by analyzing almost 3000 papers uploaded by five suspected boosting-service provider accounts. From the uploaded papers and associated metadata, we construct both paper-level…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Cenk Erdogan , Bennett Daniel , Benedikt Wotka , Ashish Sai , Adriana Iamnitchi

An author's profile on Google Scholar consists of indexed articles and associated data, such as the number of citations and the H-index. The author is allowed to merge articles; this may affect the H-index. We analyze the (parameterized)…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2017-01-24 René van Bevern , Christian Komusiewicz , Rolf Niedermeier , Manuel Sorge , Toby Walsh

Questionable publications have been accused of "greedy" practices; however, their influence on academia has not been gauged. Here, we probe the impact of questionable publications through a systematic and comprehensive analysis with various…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Taekho You , Jinseo Park , June Young Lee , Jinhyuk Yun , Woo-Sung Jung

Despite recent evidence that Microsoft Academic is an extensive source of citation counts for journal articles, it is not known if the same is true for academic books. This paper fills this gap by comparing citations to 16,463 books from…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Kayvan Kousha , Mike Thelwall

Citation analysis is one of the most frequently used methods in research evaluation. We are seeing significant growth in citation analysis through bibliometric metadata, primarily due to the availability of citation databases such as the…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Sehrish Iqbal , Saeed-Ul Hassan , Naif Radi Aljohani , Salem Alelyani , Raheel Nawaz , Lutz Bornmann

ChatGPT (GPT) has become one of the most talked-about innovations in recent years, with over 100 million users worldwide. However, there is still limited knowledge about the sources of information GPT utilizes. As a result, we carried out a…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Eduard Petiska

The use of Wikipedia citations in scholarly research has been the topic of much inquiry over the past decade. A cross-publisher study (Taylor & Francis and University of Michigan Press) convened by Digital Science was established in late…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Michael Taylor , Carlos Areia , Kath Burton , Charles Watkinson

Academic codes associated with research papers are valuable resources for scholars. In specialized fields outside computer science, code availability is often limited, making effective code retrieval essential. Google Scholar is a crucial…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shi-Shun Chen