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Recent advancements in integrating large language models (LLMs) with application programming interfaces (APIs) have gained significant interest in both academia and industry. Recent work demonstrates that these API-based agents exhibit…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Haiyang Shen , Yue Li , Desong Meng , Dongqi Cai , Sheng Qi , Li Zhang , Mengwei Xu , Yun Ma

We introduce WildAGTEval, a benchmark designed to evaluate large language model (LLM) agents' function-calling capabilities under realistic API complexity. Unlike prior work that assumes an idealized API system and disregards real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Doyoung Kim , Zhiwei Ren , Jie Hao , Zhongkai Sun , Lichao Wang , Xiyao Ma , Zack Ye , Xu Han , Jun Yin , Heng Ji , Wei Shen , Xing Fan , Benjamin Yao , Chenlei Guo

AI Tool is a large language model (LLM) designed to generate human-like responses in natural language conversations. It is trained on a massive corpus of text from the internet, which allows it to leverage a broad understanding of language,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Hitesh Mohapatra , Soumya Ranjan Mishra

Tool invocation is a crucial mechanism for extending the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) and has recently garnered significant attention. It enables LLMs to solve complex problems through tool calls while accessing up-to-date…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Xu Huang , Yuefeng Huang , Weiwen Liu , Xingshan Zeng , Yasheng Wang , Ruiming Tang , Hong Xie , Defu Lian

The recent trend of using Large Language Models (LLMs) as tool agents in real-world applications underscores the necessity for comprehensive evaluations of their capabilities, particularly in complex scenarios involving planning, creating,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Shijue Huang , Wanjun Zhong , Jianqiao Lu , Qi Zhu , Jiahui Gao , Weiwen Liu , Yutai Hou , Xingshan Zeng , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Ruifeng Xu , Qun Liu

Voice assistants increasingly rely on Speech Language Models (SpeechLMs) to interpret spoken queries and execute complex tasks, yet existing benchmarks lack domain breadth, acoustic diversity, and compositional reasoning complexity to…

Augmenting Large Language Models (LLMs) with external tools enables them to execute complex, multi-step tasks. However, tool learning is hampered by the static synthetic data pipelines where data generation and model training are executed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Kangning Zhang , Wenxiang Jiao , Kounianhua Du , Yuan Lu , Weiwen Liu , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

The pervasive deployment of Large Language Models-LLMs in various sectors often neglects the nuanced requirements of individuals and small organizations, who benefit more from models precisely tailored to their specific business contexts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Jiaxi Cui , Wentao Zhang , Jing Tang , Xudong Tong , Zhenwei Zhang , Amie , Jing Wen , Rongsheng Wang , Pengfei Wu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integral to both research and daily operations, rigorous evaluation is crucial. This assessment is important not only for individual tasks but also for understanding their societal impact and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Zeeshan Rasheed , Muhammad Waseem , Kari Systä , Pekka Abrahamsson

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have driven a revolutionary paradigm shift in process automation from Robotic Process Automation to Agentic Process Automation by automating the workflow orchestration procedure based on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Shengda Fan , Xin Cong , Yuepeng Fu , Zhong Zhang , Shuyan Zhang , Yuanwei Liu , Yesai Wu , Yankai Lin , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Automatic API method recommendation is an essential task of code intelligence, which aims to suggest suitable APIs for programming queries. Existing approaches can be categorized into two primary groups: retrieval-based and learning-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Yujia Chen , Cuiyun Gao , Muyijie Zhu , Qing Liao , Yong Wang , Guoai Xu

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) perform well on audio understanding tasks but lack multistep reasoning and tool-calling found in recent Large Language Models (LLMs). This paper presents AudioToolAgent, a framework that coordinates…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Gijs Wijngaard , Elia Formisano , Michel Dumontier , Jenia Jitsev

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in decision-making and reasoning, particularly when integrated with various tools to effectively solve complex problems. However, existing benchmarks for evaluating LLMs'…

Large language models (LLMs) combined with tool learning have gained impressive results in real-world applications. During tool learning, LLMs may call multiple tools in nested orders, where the latter tool call may take the former response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Han Han , Tong Zhu , Xiang Zhang , Mengsong Wu , Hao Xiong , Wenliang Chen

We introduce AnyGPT, an any-to-any multimodal language model that utilizes discrete representations for the unified processing of various modalities, including speech, text, images, and music. AnyGPT can be trained stably without any…

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have evolved into tool-using agents, they remain brittle in long-horizon interactions. Unlike mathematical reasoning where errors are often rectifiable via backtracking, tool-use failures frequently induce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Shengda Fan , Xuyan Ye , Yupeng Huo , Zhi-Yuan Chen , Yiju Guo , Shenzhi Yang , Wenkai Yang , Shuqi Ye , Jingwen Chen , Haotian Chen , Xin Cong , Yankai Lin

Existing tool-augmented large language models (LLMs) encounter significant challenges when processing complex queries. Current frameworks such as ReAct are prone to local optimization traps due to their reliance on incremental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Xiaolong Wei , Yuehu Dong , Xingliang Wang , Xingyu Zhang , Zhejun Zhao , Dongdong Shen , Long Xia , Dawei Yin

As multimodal large language models (MLLMs) advance, MLLM-based virtual agents have demonstrated remarkable performance. However, existing benchmarks face significant limitations, including uncontrollable task complexity, extensive manual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Wendong Bu , Yang Wu , Qifan Yu , Minghe Gao , Bingchen Miao , Zhenkui Zhang , Kaihang Pan , Yunfei Li , Mengze Li , Wei Ji , Juncheng Li , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

Tool calling extends large language models (LLMs) by enabling grounded interaction with external executable interfaces, thereby supporting environment-coupled problem solving. However, mainstream in-context learning (ICL) approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zekai Yu , Qi Meng , Qizhi Chu , Yu Hao , Chuan Shi , Cheng Yang

Tool use is a hallmark of advanced intelligence, exemplified in both animal behavior and robotic capabilities. This paper investigates the feasibility of imbuing robots with the ability to creatively use tools in tasks that involve implicit…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Mengdi Xu , Peide Huang , Wenhao Yu , Shiqi Liu , Xilun Zhang , Yaru Niu , Tingnan Zhang , Fei Xia , Jie Tan , Ding Zhao