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Related papers: MusicRL: Aligning Music Generation to Human Prefer…

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In Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), it is crucial to learn suitable reward models from human feedback to align large language models (LLMs) with human intentions. However, human feedback can often be noisy, inconsistent,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Taywon Min , Haeone Lee , Yongchan Kwon , Kimin Lee

Despite advances in deep algorithmic music generation, evaluation of generated samples often relies on human evaluation, which is subjective and costly. We focus on designing a homogeneous, objective framework for evaluating samples of…

Recommendation models are predominantly trained using implicit user feedback, since explicit feedback is often costly to obtain. However, implicit feedback, such as clicks, does not always reflect users' real preferences. For example, a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Mengchen Zhao , Yifan Gao , Yaqing Hou , Xiangyang Li , Pengjie Gu , Zhenhua Dong , Ruiming Tang , Yi Cai

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise in lyric-to-melody generation, but models trained with Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) often produce musically implausible melodies with issues like poor rhythm and unsuitable vocal ranges, a…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Hao Meng , Siyuan Zheng , Shuran Zhou , Qiangqiang Wang , Yang Song

Pluralistic alignment has emerged as a critical frontier in the development of Large Language Models (LLMs), with reward models (RMs) serving as a central mechanism for capturing diverse human values. While benchmarks for general response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Qiyao Ma , Dechen Gao , Rui Cai , Boqi Zhao , Hanchu Zhou , Junshan Zhang , Zhe Zhao

This paper proposes music similarity representation learning (MSRL) based on individual instrument sounds (InMSRL) utilizing music source separation (MSS) and human preference without requiring clean instrument sounds during inference. We…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Takehiro Imamura , Yuka Hashizume , Wen-Chin Huang , Tomoki Toda

This paper presents a novel approach to aligning large language models (LLMs) with individual human preferences, sometimes referred to as Reinforcement Learning from \textit{Personalized} Human Feedback (RLPHF). Given stated preferences…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Jin Peng Zhou , Katie Z Luo , Jingwen Gu , Jason Yuan , Kilian Q. Weinberger , Wen Sun

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has demonstrated effectiveness in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. However, token-level RLHF suffers from the credit assignment problem over long sequences,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yekun Chai , Haoran Sun , Huang Fang , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun , Hua Wu

Recently, Image-to-Music (I2M) generation has garnered significant attention, with potential applications in fields such as gaming, advertising, and multi-modal art creation. However, due to the ambiguous and subjective nature of I2M tasks,…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Zijian Zhao , Dian Jin , Zijing Zhou

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) provides a principled framework for aligning AI systems with human preference data. For various reasons, e.g., personal bias, context ambiguity, lack of training, etc, human annotators may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Alexander Bukharin , Ilgee Hong , Haoming Jiang , Zichong Li , Qingru Zhang , Zixuan Zhang , Tuo Zhao

Designing a reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) algorithm to approximate a human's unobservable reward function requires assuming, implicitly or explicitly, a model of human preferences. A preference model that poorly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Stephane Hatgis-Kessell , W. Bradley Knox , Serena Booth , Peter Stone

Reinforcement learning (RL) has improved guided image generation with diffusion models by directly optimizing rewards that capture image quality, aesthetics, and instruction following capabilities. However, the resulting generative policies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Owen Oertell , Jonathan D. Chang , Yiyi Zhang , Kianté Brantley , Wen Sun

Large foundation models pretrained on raw web-scale data are not readily deployable without additional step of extensive alignment to human preferences. Such alignment is typically done by collecting large amounts of pairwise comparisons…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Daiwei Chen , Yi Chen , Aniket Rege , Ramya Korlakai Vinayak

As large language models increasingly drive real-world applications, aligning them with human values becomes paramount. Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a key technique, translating preference data into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Yunzhen Feng , Ariel Kwiatkowski , Kunhao Zheng , Julia Kempe , Yaqi Duan

Controllable music generation remains a significant challenge, with existing methods often requiring model retraining or introducing audible artifacts. We introduce MusicRFM, a framework that adapts Recursive Feature Machines (RFMs) to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Daniel Zhao , Daniel Beaglehole , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Julian McAuley , Zachary Novack

In natural human-to-human conversations, participants often receive feedback signals from one another based on their follow-up reactions. These reactions can include verbal responses, facial expressions, changes in emotional state, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Chen Zhang , Dading Chong , Feng Jiang , Chengguang Tang , Anningzhe Gao , Guohua Tang , Haizhou Li

The complexity of designing reward functions has been a major obstacle to the wide application of deep reinforcement learning (RL) techniques. Describing an agent's desired behaviors and properties can be difficult, even for experts. A new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Wanqi Xue , Bo An , Shuicheng Yan , Zhongwen Xu

The quality of the text-to-music models has reached new heights due to recent advancements in diffusion models. The controllability of various musical aspects, however, has barely been explored. In this paper, we propose Mustango: a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-18 Jan Melechovsky , Zixun Guo , Deepanway Ghosal , Navonil Majumder , Dorien Herremans , Soujanya Poria

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has been an effective technique for aligning AI systems with human values, with remarkable successes in fine-tuning large-language models recently. Most existing RLHF paradigms make the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Chanwoo Park , Mingyang Liu , Dingwen Kong , Kaiqing Zhang , Asuman Ozdaglar

Personalization of playlists is a common feature in music streaming services, but conventional techniques, such as collaborative filtering, rely on explicit assumptions regarding content quality to learn how to make recommendations. Such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-16 Federico Tomasi , Joseph Cauteruccio , Surya Kanoria , Kamil Ciosek , Matteo Rinaldi , Zhenwen Dai
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