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Related papers: Spectroscopic performance of Low-Gain Avalanche Di…

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Low Gain Avalanche Diodes, also known as LGADs, are widely considered for fast-timing applications in high energy physics, nuclear physics, space science, medical imaging, and precision measurements of rare processes. Such devices are…

Low-Gain Avalanche Detectors are gathering interest in the High-Energy Physics community thanks to their fast-timing and radiation-hardness properties, which are planned to be exploited, for example, in timing detectors for the upgrades of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-05-07 Gabriele Giacomini , Wei Chen , Francesco Lanni , Alessandro Tricoli

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) are based on a n++-p+-p-p++ structure where an appropriate doping of the multiplication layer (p+) leads to high enough electric fields for impact ionization. Gain factors of few tens in charge…

Motivated by the need for fast timing detectors to withstand up to 2 MGy of ionizing dose at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, prototype low gain avalanche detectors (LGADs) have been fabricated in single pad configuration, 2x2…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-12-20 Martin Hoeferkamp , Alissa Howard , Gregor Kramberger , Sally Seidel , Josef Sorenson , Adam Yanez

Detectors that can simultaneously provide fine time and spatial resolution have attracted wide-spread interest for applications in several fields such as high-energy and nuclear physics as well as in low-energy electron detection, photon…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-01-29 Gabriele Giacomini , Wei Chen , Gabriele D'Amen , Alessandro Tricoli

Silicon sensors are the go-to technology for high-precision sensors in particle physics. But only recently low-noise silicon sensors with internal amplification became available. The so-called Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) sensors have…

Silicon Carbide device (4H-SiC) has potential radiation hardness, high saturated carrier velocity and low temperature sensitivity theoretically. The Silicon Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) has been verified to have excellent time…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-06-22 Tao Yang , Yuhang Tan , Congcong Wang , Xiyuan Zhang , Xin Shi

Capacitive-coupled Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (AC-LGAD) sensors are being developed for high-energy particle physics experiments as a detector which provides fast time information with fine spatial resolution. This paper describes…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-01-25 Sayuka Kita , Koji Nakamura , Tatsuki Ueda , Ikumi Goya , Kazuhiko Hara

Gain-layer degradation from exposure to radiation limits the use of Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) in high energy particle physics detector experiments. Proper understanding of how the gain-layer is destroyed is not available on a defect…

Silicon sensors with high time resolution can help particle identification in the International Linear Collider (ILC). We are studying Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) as a high timing resolution sensor. As a step to develop LGADs, we are…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-06-17 Y. Deguchi , K. Kawagoe , E. Mestre , R. Mori , T. Suehara , T. Yoshioka

Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) provide moderate internal gain and time resolutions of a few tens of picoseconds, making them a key technology for ultrafast timing in high-energy physics and beyond. However, both their gain and timing…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-04-28 Weiyi Sun , Mengzhao Li , Mei Zhao , Zhijun Liang

The Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) is a semiconductor detector capable of achieving excellent timing resolution (~20 ps) for minimum ionizing particles (MIPs). To realize a pixelated detector with both high timing precision and spatial…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-04-02 Koji Nakamura , Yua Murayama , Issei Horikoshi , Mahiro Kobayashi , Koji Sato

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) represent a remarkable advance in high energy particle detection, since they provide a moderate increase (gain ~10) of the collected charge, thus leading to a notable improvement of the signal-to-noise…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-05-04 Pablo Fernandez-Martinez , David Flores , Salvador Hidalgo , Virginia Greco , Angel Merlos , Giulio Pellegrini , David Quirion

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors(LGADs) is one of the candidate sensing technologies for future 4D-tracking applications and recently have been qualified to be used in the ATLAS and CMS timing detectors for the CERN High Luminosity Large Hadron…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-04-06 Esteban Currás , Marcos Fernández , Michael Moll

The response of Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs), which are a type of thin silicon detector with internal gain, to X-rays of energies between 6-70 keV was characterized at the SLAC light source (SSRL). The utilized beamline at SSRL was…

4H-SiC low gain avalanche detectors (LGADs) have been fabricated and characterized. The devices employ a circular mesa design with low-resistivity contacts and an SiO$_2$ passivation layer. The I-V and C-V characteristics of the 4H-SiC…

Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) are thin (20-50 $\mu m$)silicon di ode sensors with modest internal gain (typically 5 to 50) and exceptional time resolution (17 $ps$ to 50 $ps$). However, the granularity of such devices is limited to the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-01-05 S. Ayyoub , C. Gee , R. Islam , S. M. Mazza , B. Schumm , A. Seiden , Y. Zhao

This paper reports the last technological development on the Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) and introduces a new architecture of these detectors called inverse-LGAD (iLGAD). Both approaches are based on the standard Avalanche Photo…

Impact ionization in silicon devices has been extensively studied and several models for a quantitative description of the impact ionization coefficients have been proposed. We evaluate those models against gain measurements on Low Gain…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-05-29 Esteban Curras Rivera , Michael Moll

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are silicon sensors with a built-in charge multiplication layer providing a gain of typically 10 to 50. Due to the combination of high signal-to-noise ratio and short rise time, thin LGADs provide good…

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