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How can we reliably simulate future driving scenarios under a wide range of ego driving behaviors? Recent driving world models, developed exclusively on real-world driving data composed mainly of safe expert trajectories, struggle to follow…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jiazhi Yang , Kashyap Chitta , Shenyuan Gao , Long Chen , Yuqian Shao , Xiaosong Jia , Hongyang Li , Andreas Geiger , Xiangyu Yue , Li Chen

Driving simulation plays a crucial role in developing reliable driving agents by providing controlled, evaluative environments. To enable meaningful assessments, a high-quality driving simulator must satisfy several key requirements:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Junzhe Jiang , Nan Song , Jingyu Li , Xiatian Zhu , Li Zhang

Reliable autonomous driving relies on large-scale, well-labeled data and robust models. However, manual data collection is resource-intensive, and traditional simulation suffers from a persistent reality gap. While recent generative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Kaicong Huang , Talha Azfar , Weisong Shi , Ruimin Ke

In the past few decades, autonomous driving algorithms have made significant progress in perception, planning, and control. However, evaluating individual components does not fully reflect the performance of entire systems, highlighting the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Hongyu Zhou , Longzhong Lin , Jiabao Wang , Yichong Lu , Dongfeng Bai , Bingbing Liu , Yue Wang , Andreas Geiger , Yiyi Liao

Simulation systems have become an essential component in the development and validation of autonomous driving technologies. The prevailing state-of-the-art approach for simulation is to use game engines or high-fidelity computer graphics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Wei Li , Chengwei Pan , Rong Zhang , Jiaping Ren , Yuexin Ma , Jin Fang , Feilong Yan , Qichuan Geng , Xinyu Huang , Huajun Gong , Weiwei Xu , Guoping Wang , Dinesh Manocha , Ruigang Yang

With the great achievement of artificial intelligence, vehicle technologies have advanced significantly from human centric driving towards fully automated driving. An intelligent vehicle should be able to understand the driver's perception…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Yang Zheng , Izzat H. Izzat , John H. L. Hansen

Realistic and controllable simulation is critical for advancing end-to-end autonomous driving, yet existing approaches often struggle to support novel view synthesis under large viewpoint changes or to ensure geometric consistency. We…

As perception models continue to develop, the need for large-scale datasets increases. However, data annotation remains far too expensive to effectively scale and meet the demand. Synthetic datasets provide a solution to boost model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Arpit Jadon , Haoran Wang , Phillip Thomas , Michael Stanley , S. Nathaniel Cibik , Rachel Laurat , Omar Maher , Lukas Hoyer , Ozan Unal , Dengxin Dai

Realistic simulation is key to enabling safe and scalable development of % self-driving vehicles. A core component is simulating the sensors so that the entire autonomy system can be tested in simulation. Sensor simulation involves modeling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Jingkang Wang , Sivabalan Manivasagam , Yun Chen , Ze Yang , Ioan Andrei Bârsan , Anqi Joyce Yang , Wei-Chiu Ma , Raquel Urtasun

Developing and testing algorithms for autonomous vehicles in real world is an expensive and time consuming process. Also, in order to utilize recent advances in machine intelligence and deep learning we need to collect a large amount of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-07-19 Shital Shah , Debadeepta Dey , Chris Lovett , Ashish Kapoor

Real-world autonomous driving, particularly in urban environments with numerous corner cases, requires rigorous testing to ensure product safety and robustness. However, few studies have explored integrating adversarial scenario generation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Chuancheng Zhang , Zhenhao Wang , Kaizheng Li , Yaran Lin , Qiang Guo , Bin Jiang

Conducting real road testing for autonomous driving algorithms can be expensive and sometimes impractical, particularly for small startups and research institutes. Thus, simulation becomes an important method for evaluating these…

Increasing the implemented SAE level of autonomy in road vehicles requires extensive simulations and verifications in a realistic simulation environment before proving ground and public road testing. The level of detail in the simulation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Mustafa Ridvan Cantas , Levent Guvenc

Detecting a diverse range of objects under various driving scenarios is essential for the effectiveness of autonomous driving systems. However, the real-world data collected often lacks the necessary diversity presenting a long-tail…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Aqeel Anwar , Tae Eun Choe , Zian Wang , Sanja Fidler , Minwoo Park

Data-driven autonomous driving simulation has long been constrained by its heavy reliance on pre-recorded driving logs or spatial priors, such as HD maps. This fundamental dependency severely limits scalability, restricting open-ended…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Tianran Liu , Shengwen Zhao , Mozhgan Pourkeshavarz , Weican Li , Nicholas Rhinehart

There are many artificial intelligence algorithms for autonomous driving, but directly installing these algorithms on vehicles is unrealistic and expensive. At the same time, many of these algorithms need an environment to train and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Wei Cao , Liguo Zhou , Yuhong Huang , Alois Knoll

Closed-loop simulation environments play a crucial role in the validation and enhancement of autonomous driving systems (ADS). However, certain challenges warrant significant attention, including balancing simulation accuracy with duration,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Daocheng Fu , Naiting Zhong , Xu Han , Pinlong Cai , Licheng Wen , Song Mao , Botian Shi , Yu Qiao

For end-to-end autonomous driving (E2E-AD), the evaluation system remains an open problem. Existing closed-loop evaluation protocols usually rely on simulators like CARLA being less realistic; while NAVSIM using real-world vision data, yet…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Junqi You , Xiaosong Jia , Zhiyuan Zhang , Yutao Zhu , Junchi Yan

Scalable sensor simulation is an important yet challenging open problem for safety-critical domains such as self-driving. Current works in image simulation either fail to be photorealistic or do not model the 3D environment and the dynamic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Yun Chen , Frieda Rong , Shivam Duggal , Shenlong Wang , Xinchen Yan , Sivabalan Manivasagam , Shangjie Xue , Ersin Yumer , Raquel Urtasun

Traffic simulation is essential for autonomous vehicle (AV) development, enabling comprehensive safety evaluation across diverse driving conditions. However, traditional rule-based simulators struggle to capture complex human interactions,…

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