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Benchmarking vision-based driving policies is challenging. On one hand, open-loop evaluation with real data is easy, but these results do not reflect closed-loop performance. On the other, closed-loop evaluation is possible in simulation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Daniel Dauner , Marcel Hallgarten , Tianyu Li , Xinshuo Weng , Zhiyu Huang , Zetong Yang , Hongyang Li , Igor Gilitschenski , Boris Ivanovic , Marco Pavone , Andreas Geiger , Kashyap Chitta

Camera sensor simulation serves as a critical role for autonomous driving (AD), e.g. evaluating vision-based AD algorithms. While existing approaches have leveraged generative models for controllable image/video generation, they remain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Wenchao Sun , Xuewu Lin , Keyu Chen , Zixiang Pei , Yining Shi , Chuang Zhang , Sifa Zheng

Autonomous driving evaluation requires simulation environments that closely replicate actual road conditions, including real-world sensory data and responsive feedback loops. However, many existing simulations need to predict waypoints…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Tianyi Yan , Dongming Wu , Wencheng Han , Junpeng Jiang , Xia Zhou , Kun Zhan , Cheng-zhong Xu , Jianbing Shen

Existing evaluation paradigms for Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) face critical limitations. Real-world evaluation is often challenging due to safety concerns and a lack of reproducibility, whereas closed-loop simulation can face insufficient…

Data scaling is fundamental to modern deep learning, and grows increasingly critical as autonomous driving shifts to end-to-end learning. Real-world driving data is expensive to annotate and scene-biased, making real-synthetic co-training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Hongzhi Ruan , Pei Liu , Weiliang Ma , Zhengning Li , Xueyang Zhang , Jun Ma , Dan Xu , Kun Zhan

We propose FreeSim, a camera simulation method for autonomous driving. FreeSim emphasizes high-quality rendering from viewpoints beyond the recorded ego trajectories. In such viewpoints, previous methods have unacceptable degradation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Lue Fan , Hao Zhang , Qitai Wang , Hongsheng Li , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Synthesizing free-view photo-realistic images is an important task in multimedia. With the development of advanced driver assistance systems~(ADAS) and their applications in autonomous vehicles, experimenting with different scenarios…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Zhuopeng Li , Lu Li , Zeyu Ma , Ping Zhang , Junbo Chen , Jianke Zhu

Rigorously testing autonomy systems is essential for making safe self-driving vehicles (SDV) a reality. It requires one to generate safety critical scenarios beyond what can be collected safely in the world, as many scenarios happen rarely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Ze Yang , Yun Chen , Jingkang Wang , Sivabalan Manivasagam , Wei-Chiu Ma , Anqi Joyce Yang , Raquel Urtasun

Autonomous driving simulation system plays a crucial role in enhancing self-driving data and simulating complex and rare traffic scenarios, ensuring navigation safety. However, traditional simulation systems, which often heavily rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yurui Chen , Junge Zhang , Ziyang Xie , Wenye Li , Feihu Zhang , Jiachen Lu , Li Zhang

While self-supervised pretraining has reduced vision systems' reliance on synthetic data, simulation remains an indispensable tool for closed-loop optimization and rigorous out-of-distribution (OOD) evaluation. However, modern simulation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Wufei Ma , Chloe Wang , Siyi Chen , Jiawei Peng , Patrick Li , Alan Yuille

We explore the potential of large-scale generative video models for autonomous driving, introducing an open-source auto-regressive video model (VaViM) and its companion video-action model (VaVAM) to investigate how video pre-training…

The role of simulation in autonomous driving is becoming increasingly important due to the need for rapid prototyping and extensive testing. The use of physics-based simulation involves multiple benefits and advantages at a reasonable cost…

In order to meet the demand for higher scene rendering quality from some autonomous driving teams (such as those focused on CV), we have decided to use an offline simulation industrial rendering framework instead of real-time rendering in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Chengyi Wang , Chunji Xu , Peilun Wu

We tackle the problem of producing realistic simulations of LiDAR point clouds, the sensor of preference for most self-driving vehicles. We argue that, by leveraging real data, we can simulate the complex world more realistically compared…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Sivabalan Manivasagam , Shenlong Wang , Kelvin Wong , Wenyuan Zeng , Mikita Sazanovich , Shuhan Tan , Bin Yang , Wei-Chiu Ma , Raquel Urtasun

Current state of the art solutions in the control of an autonomous vehicle mainly use supervised end-to-end learning, or decoupled perception, planning and action pipelines. Another possible solution is deep reinforcement learning, but such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-01-17 Bogdan Trasnea , Andrei Vasilcoi , Claudiu Pozna , Sorin Grigorescu

Safe and scalable deployment of end-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving requires extensive and diverse data, particularly safety-critical events. Existing data are mostly generated from simulators with a significant sim-to-real gap or collected…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Jiawei Wang , Haowei Sun , Xintao Yan , Shuo Feng , Jun Gao , Henry X. Liu

Recent advancements in computer graphics technology allow more realistic ren-dering of car driving environments. They have enabled self-driving car simulators such as DeepGTA-V and CARLA (Car Learning to Act) to generate large amounts of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Minh Cao , Ramin Ramezani

Simulators are indispensable for research in autonomous systems such as self-driving cars, autonomous robots, and drones. Despite significant progress in various simulation aspects, such as graphical realism, an evident gap persists between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Stefanos Pasios , Nikos Nikolaidis

Achieving fully autonomous driving systems requires learning rational decisions in a wide span of scenarios, including safety-critical and out-of-distribution ones. However, such cases are underrepresented in real-world corpus collected by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Haochen Tian , Tianyu Li , Haochen Liu , Jiazhi Yang , Yihang Qiu , Guang Li , Junli Wang , Yinfeng Gao , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Hangjun Ye , Tieniu Tan , Long Chen , Hongyang Li

Autonomous driving is complex, requiring sophisticated 3D scene understanding, localization, mapping, and control. Rather than explicitly modelling and fusing each of these components, we instead consider an end-to-end approach via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-27 John So , Amber Xie , Sunggoo Jung , Jeffrey Edlund , Rohan Thakker , Ali Agha-mohammadi , Pieter Abbeel , Stephen James