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The definition of the galactic stellar mass estimated from the spectral energy distribution is ambiguous in the literature; whether the stellar mass includes the mass of the stellar remnants, i.e. white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Ikkoh Shimizu , Akio K. Inoue

Sub-subgiants are a new class of stars that are optically redder than normal main-sequence stars and fainter than normal subgiant stars. Sub-subgiants, and the possibly related red stragglers (which fall to the red of the giant branch),…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-21 Aaron M. Geller , Emily M. Leiner , Sourav Chatterjee , Nathan W. C. Leigh , Robert D. Mathieu , Alison Sills

The first galaxies contain stars born out of gas with little or no metals. The lack of metals is expected to inhibit efficient gas cooling and star formation but this effect has yet to be observed in galaxies with oxygen abundance relative…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2014-10-22 Yong Shi , Lee Armus , George Helou , Sabrina Stierwalt , Yu Gao , Junzhi Wang , Zhi-Yu Zhang , Qiusheng Gu

Galaxies grow through both internal and external processes. In about 10% of nearby red galaxies with little star formation, gas and stars are counter-rotating, demonstrating the importance of external gas acquisition in these galaxies.…

My colleagues and I identified distant red galaxies (DRGs) with J-K>2.3 mag in the GOODS-S field. These galaxies reside at z~1-3.5, (<z>=2.2) and based on their ACS (0.4-1 micron), ISAAC (1-2.2 micron), and IRAC (3-8 micron) photometry,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-15 Casey Papovich

We use high resolution simulations to study the formation and distribution of galaxies within a cluster which forms hierarchically. We follow both dark matter and baryonic gas which is subject to thermal pressure, shocks and radiative…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-25 C. S. Frenk , A. E. Evrard , S. D. M. White , FJ Summers

In this chapter we consider two formation channels for blue straggler stars: 1) the merger of two single stars via a collision, and 2) those produced via mass transfer within a binary. We review how computer simulations show that stellar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Melvyn B. Davies

Over the past decade increasingly robust estimates of the dense molecular gas content in galaxy populations between redshift 0 and the peak of cosmic galaxy/star formation from redshift 1-3 have become available. This rapid progress has…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-11-11 Linda J. Tacconi , Reinhard Genzel , Amiel Sternberg

OBSERVATIONS of galaxies to very faint magnitudes have revealed a population of blue galaxies at intermediate redshift$^{1-5}$. These galaxies represent a significant excess over the expectation of standard cosmological models for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-22 Stacy McGaugh

We investigate the contribution of star formation to the growth of stellar mass in galaxies over the redshift range 0.5 < z < 1.1 by studying the redshift evolution of the specific star formation rate (SSFR), defined as the star formation…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-01 Georg Feulner , Yuliana Goranova , Niv Drory , Ulrich Hopp , Ralf Bender

There has been remarkable progress recently in both observational and theoretical studies of galaxy formation and evolution. Largely due to a combination of deep Hubble Space Telescope imaging, Keck spectroscopy, and COBE far-IR background…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Piero Madau

The combination of huge databases of galaxy spectra and advances in evolutionary synthesis models in the past few years has renewed interest in an old question: How to estimate the star formation history of a galaxy out of its integrated…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Roberto Cid Fernandes

We consider the hypothesis that the formation of elliptical galaxies includes a phase in which star formation is mostly restricted to massive stars, with the bias towards high mass stars increasing with elliptical galaxy mass. The mass…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Stephen E. Zepf , Joseph Silk

How stellar mass assembles within galaxies is still an open question. We present measurements of the stellar mass distribution on kpc-scale for $\sim5500$ galaxies with stellar masses above $\log(M_{\ast}/M_{\odot})\geqslant9.8$ up to the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-01-06 Moein Mosleh , Shiva Hosseinnejad , S. Zahra Hosseini-ShahiSavandi , Sandro Tacchella

If we are to develop a comprehensive and predictive theory of galaxy formation and evolution, it is essential that we obtain an accurate assessment of how and when galaxies assemble their stellar populations, and how this assembly varies…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-09-20 Thomas M. Brown , Marc Postman , Daniela Calzetti

Quiescent galaxies having more compact morphologies than star-forming galaxies has been a consistent result in the field of galaxy evolution. What is not clear is at what point this divergence happens, i.e. when do quiescent galaxies become…

Contrary to traditional models of galaxy formation, recent observations suggest that some bulges form within preexisting disk galaxies. Such late-epoch bulge formation within disks seems to be linked to disk gas inflow and central star…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Sheila J. Kannappan , Rolf A. Jansen , Elizabeth J. Barton

In this short communication I compare recent findings suggesting a low binary star fraction for late type stars with knowledge concerning the forms of the stellar initial and present day mass functions for masses down to the hydrogen…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Charles J. Lada

We study the recent star formation histories of local galaxies by analyzing the scatter in their colours and spectral properties. We present evidence that the distribution of star formation histories changes qualitatively above a…